ArticleNucleic acids research2020
Atypical organizations and epistatic interactions of CRISPRs and cas clusters in genomes and their mobile genetic elements.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- MtvS1 and MtvS2 Interact with RNA polymerase to regulate the Francisella type V-A CRISPR-Cas system.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genomic adaptation strategies to habitat switching in Korarchaeota.Science advances · 2026Article
- Characterization of syntons across bacterial genomes using non-redundant genomic contexts.microLife · 2026Article
- The complexity of multiple CRISPR arrays in strains with (co-occurring) CRISPR systems.microLife · 2026Article
- More Is Not Always Better: Co-Occurrence Analysis of Anti-Phage Systems Reveals Prevalent Neutral Interactions inMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- The host range of generalist and specialist phages in capsule-diverse Klebsiella hosts is driven by the evolvability of receptor-binding proteins.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- CRISPR adaptation inmSphere · 2025Article
- The extended mobility of plasmids.Nucleic acids research · 2025Review
- A phylogenetic approach to comparative genomics.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2025Review
- Research Progress on the Mechanism and Application of the Type I CRISPR-Cas System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Targeted phage hunting to specificMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Comprehensive Analysis of Antiphage Defense Mechanisms: Serovar-Specific Patterns.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Bacterial defense systems exhibit synergistic anti-phage activity.Cell host & microbe · 2024Article
- Viruses in deep-sea cold seep sediments harbor diverse survival mechanisms and remain genetically conserved within species.The ISME journal · 2023Article
- The biology and type I/III hybrid nature of type I-D CRISPR-Cas systems.The Biochemical journal · 2023Review
- CRISPR-Cas adaptation in Escherichia coli.Bioscience reports · 2023Review
- Systematic analysis of prophage elements in actinobacterial genomes reveals a remarkable phylogenetic diversity.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- CRISPR-Cas systems target endogenous genes to impact bacterial physiology and alter mammalian immune responses.Molecular biomedicine · 2022Review
- Systematic and quantitative view of the antiviral arsenal of prokaryotes.Nature communications · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Prokaryotes use CRISPR-Cas systems for adaptive immunity, but the reasons for the frequent existence of multiple CRISPRs and cas clusters remain poorly understood. Here, we analysed the joint distribution of CRISPR and cas genes in a large set of fully sequenced bacterial genomes and their mobile genetic elements. Our analysis suggests few negative and many positive epistatic interactions between Cas subtypes. The latter often result in complex genetic organizations, where a locus has a single adaptation module and diverse interference mechanisms that might provide more effective immunity. We typed CRISPRs that could not be unambiguously associated with a cas cluster and found that such complex loci tend to have unique type I repeats in multiple CRISPRs. Many chromosomal CRISPRs lack a neighboring Cas system and they often have repeats compatible with the Cas systems encoded in trans. Phages and 25 000 prophages were almost devoid of CRISPR-Cas systems, whereas 3% of plasmids had CRISPR-Cas systems or isolated CRISPRs. The latter were often compatible with the chromosomal cas clusters, suggesting that plasmids can co-opt the latter. These results highlight the importance of interactions between CRISPRs and cas present in multiple copies and in distinct genomic locations in the function and evolution of bacterial immunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.