ArticleCMAJ open
Cannabis use during methadone maintenance treatment for opioid use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in CMAJ open. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brief report: The influence of childhood trauma on the effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in persons with opioid use disorder.The American journal on addictions · 2024Trial
- Clinicians' Perspectives on Cannabis Use and Cannabis Treatment in Clients Undertaking Opioid Dependence Treatment.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Article
- Risks of returning to opioid use at treatment entry and early in opioid use disorder treatment: Role of non-opioid substances.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Genetics of cannabis use in opioid use disorder: A genome-wide association and polygenic risk score study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Cannabidiol Effect on Cue-Induced Craving for Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder Treated with Buprenorphine: A Small Proof-of-Concept Open-Label Study.Integrative medicine reports · 2022Article
- The prevalence and pattern of cannabis use among patients attending a methadone treatment clinic in Nairobi, Kenya.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2022Article
- Cannabis use and opioid relapse: An exploratory survival analysis of prospectively collected data.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Article
- Cannabis use in patients treated for opioid use disorder pre- and post-recreational cannabis legalization in Canada.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2021Article
- Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder: Where is the Evidence?Journal of addiction medicine · 2021Article
- The association between cannabis use and outcome in pharmacological treatment for opioid use disorder.Harm reduction journal · 2021Article
- Cannabis use is associated with reduced risk of exposure to fentanyl among people on opioid agonist therapy during a community-wide overdose crisis.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Neuroimmune Mechanisms as Novel Treatment Targets for Substance Use Disorders and Associated Comorbidities.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- Children and Youth Who Use Cannabis for Pain Relief: Benefits, Risks, and Perceptions.Adolescent health, medicine and therapeutics · 2020Article
- The Electrocardiographic Conundrum in a Patient on Methadone Maintenance Therapy and Cannabis Coingestion: A Case Report of a Heartbreaking Puzzle.Heart views : the official journal of the Gulf Heart AssociationArticle
- "That's No Longer Tolerated": Policing Patients' Use of Non-opioid Substances in Methadone Maintenance Treatment.Journal of psychoactive drugsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRates of cannabis use among patients receiving methadone maintenance therapy are high, and cannabis use may be associated with outcomes of methadone maintenance therapy. We examined the effect of cannabis use on opioid use in patients receiving methadone maintenance therapy to test the hypothesis that cannabis use is associated with a reduction in opioid use.
methodsIn this systematic review, we searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global from inception to July 12, 2018. We summarized the effects of cannabis use on opioid use during methadone maintenance therapy and treatment retention. We conducted meta-analyses using a random effects model.
resultsWe included 23 studies in our review. We performed a meta-analysis of 6 studies, with a total number of participants of 3676, examining use of cannabis and opioids during methadone maintenance therapy. Owing to high heterogeneity, we described the studies qualitatively but provide the forest plots as supplemental material. The overall quality of evidence was very low, with a high risk of bias, owing to the nature of observational studies.
interpretationWe found no consensus among studies that cannabis use is associated with reduced opioid use or longer treatment retention when used during methadone maintenance therapy in patients with opioid use disorder.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.