ArticleNutrients2019
Trends in Food Consumption Patterns of US Infants and Toddlers from Feeding Infants and Toddlers Studies (FITS) in 2002, 2008, 2016.
Article in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances concentrations in human milk and infant formula in the United States: a systematic review.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of the Baby-Feed website intervention on diet quality in healthy infants: a randomized controlled trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Trial
- Association Between Diet Patterns of Human Infants and Growth Differs Across Randomized Formula Groups in the First 18.5 Months.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- Text Messages to Curb Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption among Pregnant Women and Mothers: A Mobile Health Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Light Stable Isotope Ratios of US Pureed Baby Foods.Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM · 2025Article
- Early-life snack and drink consumption patterns among children: findings from a U.S. birth cohort study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Impact of Fortified Whole Grain Infant Cereal on the Nutrient Density of the Diet in Brazil, the UAE, and the USA: A Dietary Modeling Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Current Evidence on Nutrient Intakes and Infant Growth: A Narrative Review of Baby-Led Weaning vs. Conventional Weaning.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Food pattern modeling to inform global guidance on complementary feeding of infants.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Toddler milk: a scoping review of research on consumption, perceptions, and marketing practices.Nutrition reviews · 2024Article
- Food sources of fiber and micronutrients of concern among infants and young children in Lebanon: a national cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Dietary Intake by Toddlers and Preschool Children: Preliminary Results from a Michigan Cohort.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Feeding Infants and Toddlers Studies (FITS) Provide Valuable Information for Setting Dietary Guidelines.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Making every bite count: best practices for introducing foods during the complementary feeding period.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
- Breastfed and mixed fed infants who do not consume infant cereal are at risk for inadequate iron intake:data from the feeding infants and toddlers study 2016, a cross-sectional survey.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Estimated causal effects of complementary feeding behaviors on early childhood diet quality in a US cohort.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
- Iron-Rich Complementary Foods: Imperative for All Infants.Current developments in nutrition · 2021Article
- Infant and Toddler Responses to Bitter-Tasting Novel Vegetables: Findings from the Good Tastes Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Article
- Limited consumption of 100% fruit juices and sugar sweetened beverages in Japanese toddler and preschool children.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) is the largest survey of dietary intake among infants and young children in the United States. Dietary patterns in early childhood are a key component of prevention of diet-related chronic diseases, yet little is known about how food consumption patterns of infants and young children have changed over time. The objective of this study is to examine trends in food and beverage consumption among children ages 6-23.9 months using data from the FITS conducted in 2002, 2008, and 2016. A total of 5963 infants and young children ages 6-23.9 months were included in these analyses. Food consumption data were collected using a multiple-pass 24-h recall by telephone using the Nutrition Data System for Research. Linear trends were assessed using the Wald's test in a multivariable linear regression model. Positive significant findings include increases in breast milk consumption and decreases in the consumption of sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages, and 100% fruit juice. More troubling findings include decreasing infant cereal consumption, stagnant or decreasing whole grain consumption, and stagnant consumption of vegetables. Our findings suggest some promising improvements in dietary intake among infants and toddlers in the United States over the past 15 years, but further policy, programmatic, and industry efforts are still needed.
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Registered trials
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