ReviewBiomolecules2019
A Perspective on the Development of TGF-β Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment.
Review in Biomolecules, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 165 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification and biological evaluation of benzimidazole-based compounds as novel TGFβR1 inhibitors.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Cell differentiation-related signaling pathways: biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Antifibrotic Effect of the TGF-β Type I Receptor Inhibitor EW-7197 on Anastomotic Healing in a Rat Choledochojejunostomy Model.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Therapeutic Targets: Deciphering Interaction Networks and Advancing Clinical Translation.MedComm · 2026Review
- TGF-β in hematologic malignancies: molecular functions and clinical applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Preoperative immunonutrition as a strategy for reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The central role of EMT in tumor progression: mechanistic drivers, biomarker discovery, and therapeutic horizons.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Clinical significance of the S204 phosphorylation of the Smad3 protein in combination with Ki67 for the metastasis and prognosis of gastric cancer.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Observational
- Targeting TGF-β signaling in glioblastoma: therapeutic implications and novel drug development strategies.Brain tumor pathology · 2025Review
- TGF-β-Enriched Exosomes from Acute Myeloid Leukemia Activate Smad2/3-MMP2 and ERK1/2 Signaling to Promote Leukemic Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Immune Modulation.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Amphiregulin in Fibrotic Diseases and Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Role of Twisted Gastrulation 1 (TWSG1) Gene in TGF-β Signaling Linked to Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Review
- In Silico-Designed TGFβRI/TGFβRII Receptor Complex Peptide Inhibitors Exhibit Biological Activity In Vitro.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Vax-Innate: improving therapeutic cancer vaccines by modulating T cells and the tumour microenvironment.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- An anti-FAP-scFv-functionalized exosome-carrying hydrogel deliversTheranostics · 2025Article
- Multi-omics profiling of TGF-β isoforms and regulatory miRNAs in astrocytic tumors reveals TGF-β-3 as a prognostic biomarker.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- Verteporfin inhibits TGF-β signaling by disrupting the Smad2/3-Smad4 interaction.Molecular biology of the cell · 2024Article
- Article
- Overcoming Resistance to Standard-of-Care Therapies for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.Cells · 2024Review
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a secreted multifunctional cytokine that signals via plasma membrane TGF-β type I and type II receptors and intercellular SMAD transcriptional effectors. Aberrant inter- and intracellular TGF-β signaling can contribute to cancer progression. In normal cells and early stages of cancer, TGF-β can stimulate epithelial growth arrest and elicit a tumor suppressor function. However, in late stages of cancer, when the cytostatic effects of TGF-β in cancer cells are blocked, TGF-β signaling can act as tumor promoter by its ability to stimulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells, by stimulating angiogenesis, and by promoting evasion of immune responses. In this review, we will discuss the rationale and challenges of targeting TGF-β signaling in cancer and summarize the clinical status of TGF-β signaling inhibitors that interfere with TGFβ bioavailability, TGF-βreceptor interaction, or TGF-β receptor kinase function. Moreover, we will discuss targeting of TGF-β signaling modulators and downstream effectors as well as alternative approaches by using promising technologies that may lead to entirely new classes of drugs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.