ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Perfluorooctanoate in Aqueous Urea Solutions: Micelle Formation, Structure, and Microenvironment.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synthesis, surface activities, aggregation properties and oil washing performances of novel cardanol-based surfactants.PloS one · 2026Article
- A novel kinetic model estimating the urea concentration in plasma during non-invasive sweat-based monitoring in hemodialysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Separation of unsaturated C18 fatty acids using perfluorinated-micellar electrokinetic chromatography: I. Optimization and separation process.Electrophoresis · 2023Article
- The Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics (PCCP) Section of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Fluorinated surfactants are used in a wide range of applications that involve aqueous solvents incorporating various additives. The presence of organic compounds such as urea is expected to affect the self-assembly of fluorinated surfactants, however, very little is known about this. We investigated the effect of urea on the micellization in water of the common fluorinated surfactant ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO), and on the structure and microenvironment of the micelles that APFO forms. Addition of urea to aqueous APFO solution decreased the critical micellization concentration (CMC) and increased the counterion dissociation. The observed increase in surface area per APFO headgroup and decrease in packing density at the micelle surface suggest the localization of urea at the micelle surface in a manner that reduces headgroup repulsions. Micropolarity data further support this picture. The results presented here indicate that significant differences exist between urea effects on fluorinated surfactant and on hydrocarbon surfactant micellization in aqueous solution. For example, the CMC of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) increased with urea addition, while the increase in surface area per headgroup and packing density of SDS with urea addition are much lower than those observed for APFO. This study informs fluorinated surfactant fate and transport in the environment, and also applications involving aqueous media in which urea or similar additives are present.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.