Trial reportJCI insight2019
BCG revaccination boosts adaptive polyfunctional Th1/Th17 and innate effectors in IGRA+ and IGRA- Indian adults.
Trial report in JCI insight, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of BCG revaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- Multidimensional analyses reveal modulation of adaptive and innate immune subsets by tuberculosis vaccines.Communications biology · 2020Trial
- Revisiting the Chingleput BCG vaccination trial for the impact of BCG revaccination on the incidence of tuberculosis disease.The Indian journal of medical researchTrial
- Activation-gated, T cell-restricted silencing ofiScience · 2026Article
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccination and the Immune-Brain Axis: Implications for Neuroprotection and Neurodegenerative Disease.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Comparison of long-term and short-term immunogenicity based on two different types of tuberculosis subunit vaccines.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Scientometric analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis revaccination: Dynamics, impact and analysis of collaborative networks.Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society · 2025Article
- Early introduction of IL-10 weakens BCG revaccination's protection by suppressing CD4Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- ImpairedFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- A broader evaluation of vaccine-induced T cell immunity against tuberculosis.Frontiers in tuberculosis · 2024Article
- BCG revaccination in adults enhances pro-inflammatory markers of trained immunity along with anti-inflammatory pathways.iScience · 2023Article
- BCG administration promotes the long-term protection afforded by a single-dose intranasal adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.iScience · 2023Article
- Polyfunctional CD4 T-cells correlating with neutralising antibody is a hallmark of COVISHIELDNPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Comparative immune responses toiScience · 2023Article
- Repurposing mucosal delivery devices for live attenuated tuberculosis vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Research progress on specific and non-specific immune effects of BCG and the possibility of BCG protection against COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- BCG vaccination policy, natural boosting and pediatric brain and CNS tumor incidences.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Bridging the gaps to overcome major hurdles in the development of next-generation tuberculosis vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Recent advance in the development of tuberculosis vaccines in clinical trials and virus-like particle-based vaccine candidates.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUNDBacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is protective against Tuberculosis (TB) in children, but its efficacy wanes with age. Consequently, determining if BCG revaccination augments anti-TB immunity in young adults in TB endemic regions is vital.METHODSTwo hundred healthy adults, BCG vaccinated at birth, were tested for their IFN-γ release assay (IGRA) status. Of these, 28 IGRA+ and 30 IGRA- were BCG revaccinated, and 24 IGRA+ and 23 IGRA- subjects served as unvaccinated controls. T and innate cell responses to mycobacterial antigens were analyzed by 14-color flow cytometry over 34 weeks.RESULTSIFN-γ and/or IL-2 Ag85A- and BCG-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were boosted by revacciantion at 4 and 34 weeks, respectively, and were > 2-fold higher in IGRA+ compared with IGRA- vaccinees. Polyfunctional Ag85A, BCG, and mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) latency Ag-specific (LTAg-specific) CD4+ T cells expressing up to 8 cytokines were also significantly enhanced in both IGRA+ and IGRA- vaccinees relative to unvaccinated controls, most markedly in IGRA+ vaccinees. A focused analysis of Th17 responses revealed expansion of Ag85A-, BCG-, and LTAg-specific total IL-17A+,IL-17F+,IL-22+, and IL-10+ CD4+ T cell effectors in both IGRA+ and IGRA- subjects. Also, innate IFN-γ+ NK/γδ/NKT cell responses were higher in both IGRA+ and IGRA- vaccinees compared with controls. This is the first evidence to our knowledge that BCG revaccination significantly boosts antimycobacterial Th1/Th17 responses in IGRA+ and IGRA- subjects.CONCLUSIONThese data show that BCG revaccination is immunogenic in IGRA- and IGRA+ subjects, implying that Mtb preinfection in IGRA+ subjects does not impact immunogenicity. This has implications for public health and vaccine development strategies.FUNDINGThis work was funded principally by DBT-NIH (BT/MB/Indo-US/HIPC/2013).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.