ReviewInternational journal of ophthalmology2019
The correlation between keratoconus and eye rubbing: a review.
Review in International journal of ophthalmology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 165 citations in OpenAlex.
- The application of artificial intelligence-based algorithms in predicting the progression of keratoconus: a systematic review.International ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Beyond Vision: Unveiling the Psychiatric Dimensions of Keratoconus.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Eye rubbing in the aetiology of keratoconus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2021Pooled it
- The effects of green tea tablets and metformin on ovulation and menstrual cycle regularity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.Journal of medicine and life · 2024Trial
- A Randomized, Multicenter Phase 3 Clinical Trial Evaluating Intracanalicular Dexamethasone Insert for the Treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Trial
- Influence of interleukin 17 A and 17 F polymorphisms in keratoconus.Molecular biology reports · 2021Trial
- Update on the Physiopathology of Keratoconus.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Keratoconus in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Behavioral and Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Vision-Related Quality of Life in Keratoconus: A Cross-Sectional Study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Biomechanical and Tomographic Outcomes in Pediatric Keratoconus Treated with Conventional Epithelium-Off Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- Awareness About Keratoconus and Its Relation With Eye Rubbing: A Cross-Sectional Study in Riyadh.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Common and Distinct Features in Serum Proteomic Profiles in Keratoconus, Post-Laser Vision Correction Ectasia, and Pellucid Marginal Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Role of Ethnicity and Age in Corneal Curvature and Thickness Changes Following Corneal Cross-Linking for Keratoconus.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Scheimpflug tomographic changes across the keratoconus spectrum based on the modified Rabinowitz-McDonnell classification.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Patients with Keratoconus in an Optometry Clinic in the Palestinian Authority.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- The Genetic and Epigenetic Architecture of Keratoconus: Emerging Pathways and Clinical Implications.Genes · 2026Review
- Five-year clinic-based period proportion, demographic profile, and clinical characteristics of recorded keratoconus at tertiary eye centers.Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal · 2026Article
- Evaluating corneal topographic patterns in keratoconic eyes and their association with keratoconus changes over time.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Relationship Between Lifestyle During School Years, Ocular Biomechanics and Refractive Status in Adult Myopes.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Proteomic Analysis Provides Insights Into PPIP5K2 Function and Its Impact on Corneal Energy Metabolism.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Keratoconus is a non-inflammatory disorder which is gradual in development; corneal thinning and ectatic protrusion characterizes it. Keratoconus prevalence varies between different regions depending on several factors that affecting its prevalence. There are risk factors for developing keratoconus such as demographic and environmental factors. It was suggested that eye rubbing was associated with the development of keratoconus. The main aim of this review was to summarize the literature data about keratoconus and to identify the role of eye-rubbing in the aetiology of the disease. A number of 24 articles was reviewed through the PubMed, Google Scholar and Research Gates. There are many keywords used such as keratoconus, aetiology of keratoconus, eye rubbing, keratoconus prevalence, keratoconus and eye rubbing correlation. We concluded that eye rubbing causes the thinning of keratocyte, and the degree of effect of eye rubbing depends on the period and force of performing eye rubbing. It is recommended to avoid eye rubbing to prevent keratoconus, this can be achieved by avoiding itching and treating dryness of the eye and avoiding wearing eye lenses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.