Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31740560›Full record

ReviewAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2020

Antibiotic Resistance and Epigenetics: More to It than Meets the Eye.

Dipannita Ghosh, Balaji Veeraraghavan, Ravikrishnan Elangovan, Perumal Vivekanandan

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
85citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

85 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 159 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Impact of synonymous mutations in theMicrobiology spectrum · 2026
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Antibiotic resistance inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Surviving Colonies ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article

25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Dipannita GhoshKusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Balaji VeeraraghavanDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
Ravikrishnan ElangovanDepartment of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India elangovan@dbeb.iitd.ac.in vperumal@bioschool.iitd.ac.in.
Perumal VivekanandanKusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India elangovan@dbeb.iitd.ac.in vperumal@bioschool.iitd.ac.in.
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi · INChristian Medical College & Hospital · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The discovery of antibiotics in the last century is considered one of the most important achievements in the history of medicine. Antibiotic usage has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial infections. However, inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to emergence of antibiotic resistance at an alarming rate. Antibiotic resistance is regarded as a major health care challenge of this century. Despite extensive research, well-documented biochemical mechanisms and genetic changes fail to fully explain mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance. Several recent reports suggest a key role for epigenetics in the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The intrinsic heterogeneity as well as transient nature of epigenetic inheritance provides a plausible backdrop for high-paced emergence of drug resistance in bacteria. The methylation of adenines and cytosines can influence mutation rates in bacterial genomes, thus modulating antibiotic susceptibility. In this review, we discuss a plethora of recently discovered epigenetic mechanisms and their emerging roles in antibiotic resistance. We also highlight specific epigenetic mechanisms that merit further investigation for their role in antibiotic resistance.

Indexed as

Epigenesis, GeneticAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriaBacterial InfectionsDrug Resistance, MicrobialHumansAnti-Bacterial Agentsadaptive resistanceantibiotic resistanceantibioticsbacterial epigeneticsmethylation

Identifiers

PMID31740560
PMCPMC6985748
OpenAlexW2990088567

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.