ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2019
Hepatitis C Virus among Female Sex Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study Conducted along Rivers and Highways in the Amazon Region.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genetic Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus Among People Who Use Crack Cocaine: A Study Conducted on the Brazilian Amazon Coast.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Female Sex Workers in the Amazon Region of Brazil Are at High Risk ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- HCV-HIV Chronic Coinfection Prevalence in Amazon Region.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Treponema pallidum in female sex workers from the Brazilian Marajó Archipelago: prevalence, risk factors, drug-resistant mutations and coinfections.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2021Article
- Prevalence of syphilis in female sex workers in three countryside cities of the state of Pará, Brazilian Amazon.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 and HTLV-1/2 Among Female Sex Workers in Four Cities in the State of Para, Northern Brazil.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies found a high prevalence of pathogens among female sex workers (FSWs) in the Amazon region, and established their parenteral and sexual transmission. This study estimated the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and associated risk factors, and the frequency of HCV genotypes and resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) in this vulnerable group.
methodsDistinct sampling methods were used to access 412 FSWs in cities and riverside communities in the Amazon region from 2015 to 2018. Three methods for HCV diagnosis were used to determine infection status. HCV genotypes and RASs were identified by sequencing and nucleotide fragment analysis. An association between HCV infection and exposure factors was determined by bivariate and multivariate analysis.
resultsIn total, 44 (10.7%) FSWs were exposed to HCV, and 32 (7.8%) of them had active infection. Nine socioeconomic characteristics and risky sexual behaviors were associated with HCV exposure, particularly unprotected sex and condom exemption for the clients who paid extra money. Genotype 1 (81.3%) and 3 (18.7%) were detected. The frequency of FSWs with RASs was 23.1% (6/26) for grazoprevir related to the occurrence of substitutions Y56F and S122G.
conclusionsHCV infection among FSWs is highly prevalent and dominated by genotype I. Urgent preventive and treatment measures are required to reduce HCV infection in FSWs and the general population.
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