ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2019
Lebanese Population Exposure to Trace Elements via White Bread Consumption.
Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in bread from Iranian markets using Monte Carlo simulation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of source, packaging and presence of food safety management system on heavy metals levels in spices and herbs.PloS one · 2024Article
- Sample Preparation and Analytical Techniques in the Determination of Trace Elements in Food: A Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Determination of heavy metals contamination in thyme products by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Toxicology reports · 2022Article
- Aluminum exposure from food in the population of Lebanon.Toxicology reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess Lebanese population exposure to trace elements (TEs) via white pita consumption. A survey of white pita consumption was achieved among one thousand Lebanese individuals, grouped into adults (above 15 years old, men, and women) and young people (6-9 and 10-14 years old). The most consumed pita brands, labeled B1, B2, and B3, were selected. Levels of TEs (i.e., As, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Pb) in B1, B2, B3 pitas were measured. The highest contents of TEs in pitas were: Ni (1292 µg/kg) and Co (91 µg/kg) in B1; As (400 µg/kg) and Cd (< 15 µg/kg) in B2; Cr (363 µg/kg), Pb (260 µg/kg), and Hg (0.89 µg/kg) in B3. The pita brand B3 was the source of the highest TEs exposure, except for Ni for which it was B1. Daily exposures to TEs due to the fact of pita consumption were compared to safety levels. There were no safety concerns for Hg, Cd, Cr or Co (except the 95th percentile of 6-9 years old). An excess of the Ni tolerable daily intake was observed for the most exposed populations. The very low margins of exposure for As and Pb suggest a worrying risk for the Lebanese population.
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