ReviewNeuroscience and biobehavioral reviews2020
Know safety, no fear.
Review in Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impaired learning, memory, and extinction in posttraumatic stress disorder: translational meta-analysis of clinical and preclinical studies.Translational psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Nicotine reduces discrimination between threat and safety in the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens and amygdala.Translational psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Auditory associative learning drives synaptic responses in tail of the striatum spiny projection neurons.iScience · 2026Article
- Age-related differences in hippocampal network engagement during safety processing in adolescents.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Basolateral amygdala dopamine transmits emotional salience.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Rats use darting as a strategy to navigate between reward and safety during platform-mediated active avoidance under different social contexts.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Darting during platform-mediated avoidance in male and female rats is spatially organized between reward and safety locations.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Ventral pallidum GABA neuron inhibition augments context-appropriate defensive responses to learned threat cues.Neurobiology of stress · 2026Article
- High Trait Anxiety Attenuates EML Amplitude Following Uncertainty Resolution: ERP Evidence of Impaired Emotional Disengagement.Psychology research and behavior management · 2026Article
- Exposure-Based Intervention in Virtual Reality to Address Kinesiophobia in Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Endocannabinoids inhibit contextual fear memory generalization via hippocampal GABAergic synaptic transmission.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Prefrontal correlates of fear generalization during endocannabinoid depletion.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Endocannabinoids disinhibit the ventral tegmental nucleus of Gudden to dorsal premammillary nucleus pathway to enhance escape behavior following learned threat experience.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Safety learning induces postsynaptic potentiation of direct pathway spiny projection neurons in the tail of the striatum.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- More and Less Fear in Serotonin Transporter Knockout Mice.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2025Article
- Subregions in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex integrate threat and protective information to meta-represent safety.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Modifying the platform-mediated avoidance task: A new protocol to study active avoidance within a social context in rats.PloS one · 2025Article
- Intergenerational Effects of Stress - A Focus on Learning and Memory.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Fear Generalization Towards a Stimulus and Context and the Impact of Attention Bias.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Every day we are bombarded by stimuli that must be assessed for their potential for harm or benefit. Once a stimulus is learned to predict harm, it can elicit fear responses. Such learning can last a lifetime but is not always beneficial for an organism. For an organism to thrive in its environment, it must know when to engage in defensive, avoidance behaviors and when to engage in non-defensive, approach behaviors. Fear should be suppressed in situations that are not dangerous: when a novel, innocuous stimulus resembles a feared stimulus, when a feared stimulus no longer predicts harm, or when there is an option to avoid harm. A cardinal feature of anxiety disorders is the inability to suppress fear adaptively. In PTSD, for instance, learned fear is expressed inappropriately in safe situations and is resistant to extinction. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of suppressing fear responses during stimulus discrimination, fear extinction, and active avoidance, focusing on the well-studied tripartite circuit consisting of the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.