ArticlePloS one2019
Cyclosporine A eyedrops with self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems have improved physicochemical properties and efficacy against dry eye disease in a murine dry eye model.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Varenicline Solution Nasal Spray for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease in Sjogren's Disease: A Pilot Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of cyclosporine nanoemulsion eye drops in patients with mild-to-moderate dry eyes: objective and subjective evaluation.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of a 0.05% cyclosporine a topical nanoemulsion in dry eyes with obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2022Trial
- Article
- Predictive Factors of Suboptimal Response to Topical 0.1% Cyclosporine A Cationic Emulsion in Pediatric Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: A Real-World Retrospective Study.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- From Liquid SNEDDS to Solid SNEDDS: A Comprehensive Review of Their Development and Pharmaceutical Applications.The AAPS journal · 2025Review
- Translating Biomarker Discovery: From Bench to Bedside in Dry Eye Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cyclosporine a in the treatment of dry eye disease: a narrative review.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Nanomedicines for Dry Eye Syndrome: Targeting Oxidative Stress with Modern Nanomaterial Strategies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Overview of processed excipients in ocular drug delivery: Opportunities so far and bottlenecks.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Influence of filtering on the effective concentration and sterility of a 2% cyclosporine ophthalmic solution: a quality improvement perspective.Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences · 2023Article
- Recent Advances of Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Prominence of Ocular Implants for Chronic Eye Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Benzalkonium chloride-induced dry eye disease animal models: Current understanding and potential for translational research.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Newer approaches to dry eye therapy: Nanotechnology, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- A Review on Dry Eye Disease Treatment: Recent Progress, Diagnostics, and Future Perspectives.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Engineering Advanced Drug Delivery Systems for Dry Eye: A Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Instant Adhesion of Amyloid-like Nanofilms with Wet Surfaces.ACS central science · 2022Article
- Ameliorative Potential of Resveratrol in Dry Eye Disease by Restoring Mitochondrial Function.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Clinical efficacy of 0.05% cyclosporine nano-emulsion in the treatment of dry eye syndrome associated with meibomian gland dysfunction.International journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Comparison of Consecutive Therapeutic Effects of Nanoemulsion and Emulsion Cyclosporin in Dry Eye Patients after Short-Term Treatment with Topical Fluorometholone.Journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWe aimed to compare the physicochemical properties and in vivo efficacy of commercially available nanoemulsion cyclosporine A (CsA) eyedrops in benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced dry eye disease (DED).
methodsParticle size analysis was performed on conventional 0.05% CsA (Restasis, C-CsA) and two new types of 0.05% CsA eyedrops based on a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS, SNEDDS-N and -T). Turbidometry, pH measurements and instability indices of each CsA solution were measured. DED was induced with BAC, and animals were treated with vehicle or CsA preparations. Tear volume and fluorescein staining scores were evaluated on days 7 and 14. Eyes were enucleated and subjected to IHC, TUNEL staining, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, real-time PCR and western blotting.
resultsBoth SNEDDSs had lower and more uniform particle size distribution than C-CsA, and a similar optical density to phosphate-buffered saline and stable pH, in contrast to the high turbidity and unstable pH of C-CsA. Aqueous tear volume and fluorescein staining scores were improved in C-CsA- and SNEDDS-treated mice. Numbers of PAS-positive goblet cells and levels of inflammatory mediators were decreased by both C-CsA and SNEDDS, although SNEDDS resolved inflammation more effectively than C-CsA.
conclusionsCyclosporine A eyedrops with SNEDDS have improved physicochemical properties and treatment efficacy in BAC-induced DED.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.