Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31738342›Full record

Trial reportThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2019

Enteropathogens and Rotavirus Vaccine Immunogenicity in a Cluster Randomized Trial of Improved Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Rural Zimbabwe.

James A Church, Elizabeth T Rogawski McQuade, Kuda Mutasa, Mami Taniuchi, Sandra Rukobo, Margaret Govha, Benjamin Lee, Marya P Carmolli, Bernard Chasekwa, Robert Ntozini and 8 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01824940 (Sanitation, Hygiene, Infant Nutrition Efficacy Project), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01824940 nacompletednot on this map

Sanitation, Hygiene, Infant Nutrition Efficacy Project

TypeinterventionalSponsorJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthRan2012 to 2017Enrolled5,280ConditionsGrowth, Stunting, Nutritional, AnemiaArmsStandard care, WASH, Infant and young child feeding, WASH and Nutrition
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Plasma Rotavirus-specific IgA and Risk of Rotavirus Vaccine Failure in Infants in Malawi.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

James A ChurchFrom the Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Elizabeth T Rogawski McQuadeDivision of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
Kuda MutasaFrom the Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Mami TaniuchiDivision of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
Sandra RukoboFrom the Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Margaret GovhaFrom the Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Benjamin LeeVaccine Testing Center, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
Marya P CarmolliVaccine Testing Center, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
Bernard ChasekwaFrom the Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Robert NtoziniFrom the Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Monica M McNealDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Lawrence H MoultonDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Beth D KirkpatrickVaccine Testing Center, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
Jie LiuDivision of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
Eric R HouptDivision of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
Jean H HumphreyFrom the Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe.
James A Platts-MillsDivision of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
Andrew J PrendergastDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research · ZWUniversity of Virginia · USUniversity of Vermont · USJohns Hopkins University · USUniversity of Cincinnati Medical Center · US

Funding

Using Dengue Controlled Human Infection Model to Identify Adaptive Immune Correlates of ProtectionP20GM125498 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT & ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI Laurent Hébert-Dufresne · 2018 to 2026
$24.9M
Effect of a sanitation & nutrition intervention on HIV-exposed infant healthR01HD060338 · NICHD · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI HUMPHREY, JEAN HAWES · 2008 to 2012
$2.0M
Translation of epidemiologic findings in enteric disease to public health actionK01AI130326 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · PI ROGAWSKI MCQUADE, ELIZABETH TACKET · 2018 to 2022
$612k
NIAID NIH HHS K01 AI130326NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD060338NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM125498Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 093768/Z/10/ZWellcome Trust 108065/Z/15/ZWellcome Trust 201293/Z/16/ZWellcome Trust 203905/Z/16/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOral rotavirus vaccines (RVVs) are less efficacious in low-income versus high-income settings, plausibly due to more enteropathogen exposure through poor water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). We explored associations between enteropathogens and RVV immunogenicity and evaluated the effect of improved WASH on enteropathogen carriage.

methodsWe detected stool enteropathogens using quantitative molecular methods and measured anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin A by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in infants enrolled to a cluster randomized 2 × 2 factorial trial of improved WASH and improved infant feeding in Zimbabwe (NCT01824940). We used multivariable regression to explore associations between enteropathogens and RVV seroconversion, seropositivity and geometric mean titer. We evaluated effects of improved WASH on enteropathogen prevalence using linear and binomial regression models with generalized estimating equations.

resultsAmong 224 infants with enteropathogen and immunogenicity data, 107 (47.8%) had ≥1 pathogen and 39 (17.4%) had ≥2 pathogens detected at median age 41 days (interquartile range: 35-54). RVV seroconversion was low (23.7%). After adjusting for Sabin-poliovirus quantity, pan-enterovirus quantity was positively associated with RVV seroconversion (relative risk 1.61 per 10-fold increase in pan-enterovirus; 95% confidence interval: 1.35-1.91); in the same model, Sabin quantity was negatively associated with RVV seroconversion (relative risk: 0.76; 95% confidence interval: 0.60-0.96). There were otherwise no meaningful associations between individual or total pathogens (bacteria, viruses, parasites or all pathogens) and any measure of RVV immunogenicity. Enteropathogen detection did not differ between randomized WASH and non-WASH groups.

conclusionsEnteropathogen infections were common around the time of rotavirus vaccination in rural Zimbabwean infants but did not explain poor RVV immunogenicity and were not reduced by a package of household-level WASH interventions.

Indexed as

Immunogenicity, VaccineSanitationAdultAntibodies, ViralBacteriaDiarrheaEnterovirus InfectionsFecesFemaleHumansHygieneImmunoglobulin AInfantInfant, NewbornLongitudinal StudiesMaleAntibodies, ViralImmunoglobulin ARotavirus Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID31738342
PMCPMC7205402
OpenAlexW2983106631

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.