ReviewJournal of thoracic disease2019
Airway pharmacology: treatment options and algorithms to treat patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Review in Journal of thoracic disease, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Risk Association.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Pooled it
- Inhaled Corticosteroids and the Risk of Lung Cancer in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pulmonary medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Extracellular-Vesicle-Associated Nucleic Acids in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases: A Narrative Review.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Dyspnea in Chemical War Victims Exposed to Sulfur Mustard: A Narrative Review of Respiratory Distress in Survivors.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Concurrent Chinese and Western medication use and risk of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A national cohort study.Integrative medicine research · 2026Article
- Article
- Carbon nanomaterials as electrochemical sensors for theophylline: a review.RSC advances · 2024Review
- Pulmonary Diseases in Older Patients: Understanding and Addressing the Challenges.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A Brief History of Bronchitis in England and Wales.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.) · 2020Article
- Role of Lung Microbiome in Innate Immune Response Associated With Chronic Lung Diseases.Frontiers in medicine · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pharmacological treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) aims to reduce disease burden and prevent future risk, especially exacerbations, hospitalizations, decline of lung function and quality of life, and mortality. This review will describe the basic pharmacology of the different classes of agents, followed by the effects they exert in patients with COPD, and the side effects. Targets for pharmacological treatments include airway smooth muscle contraction, inflammation, mucus production, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and respiratory infection. Inhaled bronchodilators are the mainstay, with methylxanthines as secondary choice agents. Anti-inflammatory therapy can be administered as corticosteroids, phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and long-term macrolides such as azithromycin. Mucus production is addressed by use of mucolytics. In some countries, alpha-1-antitrypsin augmentation therapy is available for severe alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. The treatment of bacterial infection and/or colonization can be attempted with antibiotics; there is a dire need for effective anti-viral agents for the common viruses causing exacerbations of COPD. Since clinicians need to choose medications for their individual patients, algorithms for how to choose and change medication are increasingly being presented with more elements of treatable traits and personalized medicine.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.