ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2019
Petting Zoo Animals as an Emerging Reservoir of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase and AmpC-Producing Enterobacteriaceae.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Molecular and Epidemiological Characterization of ESBL-producingEnvironmental health insights · 2025Article
- Characterization of a Tigecycline-Resistant andApplied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Mobile Zoos and Other Itinerant Animal Handling Events: Current Status and Recommendations for Future Policies.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Comparison of the gut microbiome and resistome in captive African and Asian elephants on the same diet.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase ProducingAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of CTX-M-type-producing Escherichia coli from a wildlife zoo in China.Veterinary medicine and science · 2022Article
- Comparative genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant Citrobacter spp. strains in Fennec fox imported to China.Gut pathogens · 2021Article
- Presence of β-Lactamase-producing Enterobacterales andInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Antibiotic-ResistantMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- Isolation of the human-associatedAccess microbiology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extended spectrum beta-lactamases and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL/AmpC-E) have become a great concern in both human and veterinary medicine. One setting in which this risk could be particularly prominent is petting zoos, in which humans, especially children, directly and indirectly interact with the animals. Yet, while the zoonotic transmission of various Enterobacteriaceae has been reported previously in petting zoos, reports on ESBL/AmpC-E shedding in this setting is currently lacking, despite the high potential risk. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a prospective cross-sectional study to explore the prevalence, molecular epidemiology, and risk for shedding of ESBL/AmpC-E in petting zoos. We performed a prospective cross-sectional study in eight petting zoos. Altogether, we collected 381 fecal and body-surface samples from 228 animals, broth-enriched them, and then plated them onto CHROMagar ESBL-plates for ESBL/AmpC-E isolation. Next, we identified the isolated species and tested their susceptibility to various antibiotics using the Vitek-2 system, determined bacterial relatedness by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and identified ESBL/AmpC genes by using PCR and sequencing. Finally, we asked petting zoo owners and veterinarians to complete questionnaires, which we then analyzed to evaluate risk factors for ESBL/AmpC-E shedding. We found that ESBL/AmpC-E shedding is an important, currently oversighted risk in petting zoos, as the overall shedding rate was 12% (35 isolates, including 29% ESBL-producers, 34% AmpC-producers, and 37% ESBL and AmpC-producers). The isolated bacteria included
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