ArticleSleep2020
Differences in three-dimensional upper airway anatomy between Asian and European patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Article in Sleep, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research progress on obstructive sleep apnea in the field of radiological imaging: bibliometric and visualization analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Oral appliance therapy vs. positional therapy for managing positional obstructive sleep apnea; a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials.BMC oral health · 2024Pooled it
- Dynamic sleep MRI in obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2022Pooled it
- Hypoglossal nerve stimulation in adolescents with down syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Use and Performance of the STOP-Bang Questionnaire for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Screening Across Geographic Regions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of Herbst and Pendex appliances treatment on the upper airway: A cone-beam computed tomography analysis.American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics · 2026Article
- Validation Performance of Screening Tools for Predicting Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Chinese Patients Undergoing Metabolic Bariatric Surgery: Insights from a Multicenter Database.Obesity surgery · 2026Article
- Changes in Upper Airway Anatomy and Apnea-Hypopnea Index in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical evaluation of the i-gel Plus supraglottic airway in Japanese patients: A prospective observational study.PloS one · 2026Observational
- 3D Computerised Analysis of Airway Morphology in Subjects From Tamil Nadu: A Pilot Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- Observational
- Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Anesthesia: A Structured Narrative Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Screening Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Chinese Adults: Optimizing STOP-Bang and NoSAS Cutoff Values.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Article
- Exploring the Causal Effect of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number on Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Positional Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Chinese Children: A Retrospective Study.Nature and science of sleep · 2025Article
- Artificial Intelligence Screening Tool for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Study Based on Outpatients at a Sleep Medical Centre.Nature and science of sleep · 2025Article
- Tongue Ultrasonography in the Screening of Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome-Promising Potential for Overloaded Sleep Centers.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Association of Upper Airway Anatomy with Brain Structure: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Brain imaging and behavior · 2024Article
- The use of CBCT in orthodontics with special focus on upper airway analysis in patients with sleep-disordered breathing.Dento maxillo facial radiology · 2024Article
- Sex-Specific Associations Between Leucocyte Measures and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Han Chinese.Nature and science of sleep · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesThis study evaluated differences in upper airway, soft tissues and craniofacial structures between Asians from China and Europeans from Iceland with OSA using three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
methodsAirway sizes, soft tissue volumes, and craniofacial dimensions were compared between Icelandic (N = 108) and Chinese (N = 57) patients with oxygen desaturation index (ODI) ≥ 10 events/h matched for age, gender, and ODI. Mixed effects models adjusting for height or BMI and residual differences in age and ODI were utilized.
resultsIn our matched sample, compared to Icelandic OSA patients, Chinese patients had smaller BMI (p < 0.0001) and neck circumference (p = 0.011). In covariate adjusted analyses, Chinese showed smaller retropalatal airway size (p ≤ 0.002), and smaller combined soft tissues, tongue, fat pads, and pterygoid (all p ≤ 0.0001), but male Chinese demonstrated a larger soft palate volume (p ≤ 0.001). For craniofacial dimensions, Chinese demonstrated bigger ANB angle (p ≤ 0.0196), differently shaped mandibles, including shorter corpus length (p < 0.0001) but longer ramus length (p < 0.0001), and a wider (p < 0.0001) and shallower (p ≤ 0.0001) maxilla.
conclusionsCompared to Icelandic patients of similar age, gender and ODI, Chinese patients had smaller retropalatal airway and combined soft tissue, but bigger soft palate volume (in males), and differently shaped mandible and maxilla with more bony restrictions. Results support an ethnic difference in upper airway anatomy related to OSA, which may inform targeted therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.