ArticleCurrent problems in pediatric and adolescent health care2019
Gender affirming medical care of transgender youth.
Article in Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of psychosocial functioning changes after gender-affirming hormone therapy among transgender people.Nature human behaviour · 2023Pooled it
- Gender diversity and cholesterol in early adolescence: Findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Article
- Facilitators and Barriers to Research Participation Among Transgender and Gender-Diverse Youth: A Youth-Engaged Qualitative Study.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2026Article
- The Cost-Effectiveness and Cost Savings of Gender-Affirming Mastectomy.Transgender health · 2026Article
- Protecting Minors From Medical Malpractice Act: Implications for Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- Age-dependent bone mineral density responses to gender-affirming hormone therapy in transgender individuals: a one-year prospective study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Observational
- Reconsidering the use of race, sex, and age in clinical algorithms to address bias in practice: A discussion paper.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2025Review
- Review
- Profile of care for children and adolescents at a gender-affirming outpatient clinic within the Brazilian National Health System in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2009 and 2020.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2025Article
- Transgender and gender diverse individuals' perspectives on discussions of fetal sex chromosomes in obstetrics care.Journal of genetic counseling · 2024Article
- Clinical pharmacology in adolescent transgender medicine.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Review
- Androgen Inhibition of Reproductive Neuroendocrine Function in Females and Transgender Males.Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Spironolactone use and oocyte maturation in patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2024Article
- No Bones About It: Sex Is Binary.Archives of sexual behavior · 2024Article
- All-cause and suicide mortalities among adolescents and young adults who contacted specialised gender identity services in Finland in 1996-2019: a register study.BMJ mental health · 2024Article
- Transgender Youth Readiness for Health Care Transition: A Survey of Youth, Parents, and Providers.Transgender health · 2024Article
- Estradiol increases cortical and trabecular bone accrual and bone strength in an adolescent male-to-female mouse model of gender-affirming hormone therapy.Bone research · 2024Article
- Adolescent Providers' Experiences of Harassment Related to Delivering Gender-Affirming Care.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Transgender People after Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The number of gender diverse and transgender youth presenting for treatment are increasing. This is a vulnerable population with unique medical needs; it is essential that all pediatricians attain an adequate level of knowledge and comfort caring for these youth so that their health outcomes may be improved. There are several organizations which provide clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of transgender youth including the WPATH and the Endocrine Society and they recommend that certain eligibility criteria should be met prior to initiation of gender affirming hormones. Medical intervention for transgender youth can be broken down into stages based on pubertal development: pre-pubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal. Pre-pubertally no medical intervention is recommended. Once puberty has commenced, youth are eligible for puberty blockers; and post-pubertally, youth are eligible for feminizing and masculinizing hormone regimens. Treatment with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists are used to block puberty. Their function is many-fold: to pause puberty so that the youth may explore their gender identity, to delay the development of (irreversible) secondary sex characteristics, and to obviate the need for future gender affirmation surgeries. Masculinizing hormone regimens consists of testosterone and feminizing hormone regimens consist of both estradiol as well as spironolactone. In short term studies gender affirming hormone treatment with both estradiol and testosterone has been found to be safe and improve mental health and quality of life outcomes; additional long term studies are needed to further elucidate the implications of gender affirming hormones on physical and mental health in transgender patients. There are a variety of surgeries that transgender individuals may desire in order to affirm their gender identity; it is important for providers to understand that desire for medical interventions is variable among persons and that a discussion about individual desires for surgical options is recommended.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.