ArticleVirology2020
EGR1 upregulation following Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection is regulated by ERK and PERK pathways contributing to cell death.
Article in Virology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- EGR Proteins Mediate Interferon-Independent Anti-HSV-1 Responses Through Viral and Host Targets.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Interplay Between Therapeutic Self-Amplifying RNA and the Innate Immune System: Balancing Efficiency and Reactogenicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Modeling Virus-Associated Central Nervous System Disease in Non-Human Primates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Machine learning identifies genes linked to neurological disorders induced by equine encephalitis viruses, traumatic brain injuries, and organophosphorus nerve agents.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2025Article
- Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Neurodegeneration of Neurotropic Viral Infection.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Interactions of Equine Viruses with the Host Kinase Machinery and Implications for One Health and Human Disease.Viruses · 2023Review
- Modulation of viral replication, apoptosis and antiviral response by induction and mutual regulation of EGR and AP-1 family genes during coronavirus infection.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- Genetic or siRNA inhibition of MBD2 attenuates the UUO- and I/R-induced renal fibrosis via downregulation of EGR1.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2022Article
- EGR1 Upregulation during Encephalitic Viral Infections Contributes to Inflammation and Cell Death.Viruses · 2022Article
- Seasonal expression of extracellular signal regulated kinases in the colon of wild ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus).Molecular biology reports · 2022Article
- Examining the role of EGR1 during viral infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Comparison of Transcriptomic Signatures between Monkeypox-Infected Monkey and Human Cell Lines.Journal of immunology research · 2022Article
- Article
- Proteomic Discovery of VEEV E2-Host Partner Interactions Identifies GRP78 Inhibitor HA15 as a Potential Therapeutic for Alphavirus Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a neurotropic virus that causes significant disease in both humans and equines. Here we characterized the impact of VEEV on signaling pathways regulating cell death in human primary astrocytes. VEEV productively infected primary astrocytes and caused an upregulation of early growth response 1 (EGR1) gene expression at 9 and 18 h post infection. EGR1 induction was dependent on extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), but not on p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. Knockdown of EGR1 significantly reduced VEEV-induced apoptosis and impacted viral replication. Knockdown of ERK1/2 or PERK significantly reduced EGR1 gene expression, dramatically reduced viral replication, and increased cell survival as well as rescued cells from VEEV-induced apoptosis. These data indicate that EGR1 activation and subsequent cell death are regulated through ERK and PERK pathways in VEEV infected primary astrocytes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.