ReviewAutoimmunity reviews2020
Comparative United States autoimmune disease rates for 2010-2016 by sex, geographic region, and race.
Review in Autoimmunity reviews, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunomodulatory effects of extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stromal cells: Implication for therapeutic approach in autoimmune diseases.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Vitamin D and Marine n-3 Fatty Acids for Autoimmune Disease Prevention: Outcomes Two Years After Completion of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Trial
- Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Trial
- Review
- Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis in Autoimmune Connective Tissue Diseases: A Comprehensive Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Predictors of Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension-Related Hospitalizations and Subsequent Mortality in Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Surgical lung biopsy analyses differ by race and ethnicity in interstitial lung disease.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- IP-to-MS: An Unbiased Workflow for Antigen Profiling.Journal of proteome research · 2025Article
- Expression profiles of miR-101-3p and miR-431-5p as potential diagnostic biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Achieving health equity in immune disease: leveraging big data and artificial intelligence in an evolving health system landscape.Frontiers in big data · 2025Review
- Association between infertility and incident onset of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease after childbirth: a population-based cohort study.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Sex-specific relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and antinuclear antibodies in U.S. adults, NHANES 2001-2004.BMC immunology · 2024Article
- Effectiveness and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in Black patients versus White patients in a US national health system: a retrospective cohort study.The Lancet. Oncology · 2024Article
- Incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.Global epidemiology · 2024Review
- Comparative treatment of homeless persons with an infectious disease in the US emergency department setting: a retrospective approach.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2024Article
- Lupus and other autoimmune diseases: Epidemiology in the population of African ancestry and diagnostic and management challenges in Africa.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2024Review
- Autoimmune Health Crisis: An Inclusive Approach to Addressing Disparities in Women in the United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- Racial Disparities in Plasma Cytokine and Microbiome Profiles.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Engineering antigen-presenting cells for immunotherapy of autoimmunity.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2024Review
- Development of Autoimmune Diseases Among Children With Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome.JAMA network open · 2024Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeAIDs may disproportionately impact specific racial groups, but autoimmune (AID) prevalence information by minority racial group is sparse for many AIDs. The objective of this analysis was to supplement previously published AID prevalence rates by providing information on race rate ratios (minority race populations compared to Caucasian populations) in the United States. Preliminary to estimating race rate ratios, contemporary US-specific, health care utilization-based AID prevalence rates and female-to-male ratios were estimated and compared to previously published AID prevalence rates.
methodsWe used a large national electronic medical record database of 52 million individuals to estimate age-adjusted direct standardized rates for 22 AIDs for 2010 through 2016 by gender, race, and US census division. These were compared to previously published estimates.
resultsFemale-to-male ratios were comparable with published studies. Almost all observed Multiracial AID rates were significantly higher than Caucasian rates, as well as 9 of 22 AID rates observed among Native Americans and 8 of 22 AID rates estimated among African-American patients. Regional variation was noted: highest African-American systemic lupus erythematosus rates were observed in the West North Central and South Atlantic divisions, highest African-American multiple sclerosis rates in the South Atlantic and Pacific divisions, and highest Native American rheumatoid arthritis rates in the West North Central, Mountain, and Pacific divisions.
conclusionsSubstantial AID heterogeneity exists by race and by geographic area. An important research area is further exploring factors related to heterogeneity such as potential interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.