ReviewNeurocritical care2020
Treatment of Movement Disorder Emergencies in Autoimmune Encephalitis in the Neurosciences ICU.
Review in Neurocritical care, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice-Evidence-Based Approach From the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Tenth Special Issue.Journal of clinical apheresis · 2026Guideline
- FLAIR-hyperintense lesions in anti-MOG-associated encephalitis with seizures presenting with postictal purpura and rhabdomyolysis: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Refractory "status dyskineticus" in a child with post-herpes simplex virus 1 N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a case report.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Predicting ICU Admission in Adults with New-Onset Encephalitis.Neurocritical care · 2025Article
- Clinical features and factors associated with outcomes of antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis in patients requiring intensive care.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- Clinical spectrum and long-term outcomes of antibody-negative severe autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Related to Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report.The Neurohospitalist · 2024Article
- Movement disorders in autoimmune encephalitis: an update.Journal of neurology · 2023Review
- Status dystonicus in adult patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-acid receptor encephalitis.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune response against neuronal and glial cell surface and cytosolic antigens is an important cause of encephalitis. It may be triggered by activation of the immune system in response to an infection (para-infectious), cancer (paraneoplastic), or due to a patient's tendency toward autoimmunity. Antibodies directed toward neuronal cell surface antigens are directly pathogenic, whereas antibodies with intracellular targets may become pathogenic if the antigen is transiently exposed to the cell surface or via activation of cytotoxic T cells. Immune-mediated encephalitis is well recognized and may require intensive care due to status epilepticus, need for invasive ventilation, or dysautonomia. Patients with immune-mediated encephalitis may become critically ill and display clinically complex and challenging to treat movement disorders in over 80% of the cases (Zhang et al. in Neurocrit Care 29(2):264-272, 2018). Treatment options include immunotherapy and symptomatic agents affecting dopamine or acetylcholine neurotransmission. There has been no prior published guidance for management of these movement disorders for the intensivist. Herein, we discuss the immune-mediated encephalitis most likely to cause critical illness, clinical features and mechanisms of movement disorders and propose a management algorithm.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.