Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31732722›Full record

ArticleNature protocols2019

Imaging neuromodulators with high spatiotemporal resolution using genetically encoded indicators.

Tommaso Patriarchi, Jounhong Ryan Cho, Katharina Merten, Aaron Marley, Gerard Joey Broussard, Ruqiang Liang, John Williams, Axel Nimmerjahn, Mark von Zastrow, Viviana Gradinaru and 1 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature protocols, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
6.6field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. A Chemigenetic Fluorescence Lifetime Biosensor for Dopamine Sensing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  6. Genetically encoded sensors illuminateIBRO neuroscience reports · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.

Tommaso PatriarchiDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Jounhong Ryan ChoDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Katharina MertenWaitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Aaron MarleyDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Gerard Joey BroussardDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-2615
Ruqiang LiangDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
John WilliamsVollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. williamj@ohsu.edu.
Axel NimmerjahnWaitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA. animmerj@salk.edu.
Mark von ZastrowDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. mark@vzlab.org.
Viviana GradinaruDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. viviana@caltech.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5868-348X
Lin TianDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA. lintian@ucdavis.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7012-6926
California Institute of Technology · USSalk Institute for Biological Studies · USUniversity of California, Davis · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · USOregon Health & Science University · USPrinceton University · USUniversity of Zurich · CH

Funding

Genetically encoded indicators for large-scale sensing of neuromodulatory signaling in behaving animalsU01NS103522 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI NIMMERJAHN, AXEL, TIAN, LIN · 2017 to 2019
$2.9M
Novel approaches to study microglia physiology and pathology in the intact brainDP2NS083038 · NINDS · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI NIMMERJAHN, AXEL · 2012 to 2012
$2.9M
Fluorescent biosensors for imaging neurotransmitters: observing synapses in actioDP2MH107056 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI TIAN, LIN · 2014 to 2014
$2.3M
Large-scale analysis of functional synapses during circuit plasticity with novel optogenetic sensorsU01NS103571 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI TIAN, LIN, ZITO, KAREN · 2017 to 2019
$1.7M
Overcoming barriers in the study of in vivo spinal cord functionR01NS085938 · NINDS · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI NIMMERJAHN, AXEL · 2013 to 2016
$1.4M
Genetically encoded sensors for the biogenic amine: watching neuromodulation in actionU01NS090604 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI TIAN, LIN · 2014 to 2016
$1.3M
Opioid Sensitive GABA inputs to the Ventral MidbrainR01DA034388 · NIDA · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI WILLIAMS, JOHN T · 2012 to 2016
$967k
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA034388NINDS NIH HHS DP2 NS083038NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS085938NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS103522U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) DP2MH107056U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) U01NS013522U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) U01NS090604U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) U01NS103571
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multiple aspects of neural activity, from neuronal firing to neuromodulator release and signaling, underlie brain function and ultimately shape animal behavior. The recently developed and constantly growing toolbox of genetically encoded sensors for neural activity, including calcium, voltage, neurotransmitter and neuromodulator sensors, allows precise measurement of these signaling events with high spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we describe the engineering, characterization and application of our recently developed dLight1, a suite of genetically encoded dopamine (DA) sensors based on human inert DA receptors. dLight1 offers high molecular specificity, requisite affinity and kinetics and great sensitivity for measuring DA release in vivo. The detailed workflow described in this protocol can be used to systematically characterize and validate dLight1 in increasingly intact biological systems, from cultured cells to acute brain slices to behaving mice. For tool developers, we focus on characterizing five distinct properties of dLight1: dynamic range, affinity, molecular specificity, kinetics and interaction with endogenous signaling; for end users, we provide comprehensive step-by-step instructions for how to leverage fiber photometry and two-photon imaging to measure dLight1 transients in vivo. The instructions provided in this protocol are designed to help laboratory personnel with a broad range of experience (at the graduate or post-graduate level) to develop and utilize novel neuromodulator sensors in vivo, by using dLight1 as a benchmark.

Indexed as

AnimalsDopamineGenetic EngineeringHumansLuminescent ProteinsNeuronsNeurotransmitter AgentsOptogeneticsReceptors, DopamineWorkflowDopamineLuminescent ProteinsNeurotransmitter AgentsReceptors, Dopamine

Identifiers

PMID31732722
OpenAlexW2983468846

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.