ArticleMolecular psychiatry2021
The kynurenine pathway and bipolar disorder: intersection of the monoaminergic and glutamatergic systems and immune response.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ketamine's effect on inflammation and kynurenine pathway in depression: A systematic review.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2021Pooled it
- The kynurenine pathway in bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis on the peripheral blood levels of tryptophan and related metabolites.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Acute administration of ibuprofen increases serum concentration of the neuroprotective kynurenine pathway metabolite, kynurenic acid: a pilot randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study.Psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- The role of the kynurenine pathway in conditioned place aversion induced by synthetic cannabinoid CP-55940.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2026Article
- Elucidating the causal relationships between cerebrospinal fluid metabolites and glioblastoma insights from mendelian randomization study.Neurosurgical review · 2026Article
- The kynurenine pathway in depression and schizophrenia: convergent signals, divergent states, and clinical signatures.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Clinical Insights Into the Mechanistic Crossroads of Lamotrigine and Therapeutic Ketosis in Bipolar Depression.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Review
- Modulating depression through the gut-brain axis: the role of gut microbiota in therapeutic interventions.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Bidirectional causal associations between plasma metabolites and bipolar disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Causal Effects of Inflammatory Cytokines on Bipolar Disorder: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- High Baseline Plasma Anthranilic Acid Predicts Remission Upon Acute-Series Ketamine Infusion for Treatment-Resistant Depression.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Lactobacillus fermentum ATCC 9338 Supplementation Prevents Depressive-Like Behaviors Through Glucocorticoid Receptor and N-Methyl-D-aspartate2b in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Mouse Model.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Unlocking the potential of the 3-hydroxykynurenine/kynurenic acid ratio: a promising biomarker in adolescent major depressive disorder.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Gut Microbiota: A New Challenge in Mood Disorder Research.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Prenatal Poly I:C exposure affects tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism associated with intestinal microbiome in female juvenile rats.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Depression, stress, and tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway: treatment strategies from the perspective of Chinese herbal medicine.Metabolic brain disease · 2024Review
- Ketamine Prevents Inflammation-Induced Reduction of Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis via Inhibiting the Production of Neurotoxic Metabolites of the Kynurenine Pathway.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Navigating the Neuroimmunomodulation Frontier: Pioneering Approaches and Promising Horizons-A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Implications of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolism for the Immune System, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, and Neurotransmission in Alcohol Use Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Frontostriatal circuitry and the tryptophan kynurenine pathway in major psychiatric disorders.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Dysfunction in a wide array of systems-including the immune, monoaminergic, and glutamatergic systems-is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. One potential intersection point for these three systems is the kynurenine (KYN) pathway. This study explored the impact of the prototypic glutamatergic modulator ketamine on the endogenous KYN pathway in individuals with bipolar depression (BD), as well as the relationship between response to ketamine and depression-related behavioral and peripheral inflammatory markers. Thirty-nine participants with treatment-resistant BD (23 F, ages 18-65) received a single ketamine infusion (0.5 mg/kg) over 40 min. KYN pathway analytes-including plasma concentrations of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), KYN, kynurenic acid (KynA), and quinolinic acid (QA)-were assessed at baseline (pre-infusion), 230 min, day 1, and day 3 post-ketamine. General linear models with restricted maximum likelihood estimation and robust sandwich variance estimators were implemented. A repeated effect of time was used to model the covariance of the residuals with an unstructured matrix. After controlling for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), post-ketamine IDO levels were significantly lower than baseline at all three time points. Conversely, ketamine treatment significantly increased KYN and KynA levels at days 1 and 3 versus baseline. No change in QA levels was observed post-ketamine. A lower post-ketamine ratio of QA/KYN was observed at day 1. In addition, baseline levels of proinflammatory cytokines and behavioral measures predicted KYN pathway changes post ketamine. The results suggest that, in addition to having rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in BD participants, ketamine also impacts key components of the KYN pathway.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.