SynthesisVaccine2020
The effect of time since measles vaccination and age at first dose on measles vaccine effectiveness - A systematic review.
Synthesis in Vaccine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness against infection, symptomatic and severe COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Transmission patterns of pertussis in school-based clustered outbreaks: A retrospective analysis in Zhejiang Province, China, 2024.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Risk-of-bias assessment of vaccine effectiveness studies: a scoping review of systematic reviews.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- Forecasting and quantifying the role of vaccination strategies in the 2025 Texas measles outbreak: a modeling and time series analysis approach.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Estimating the basic reproduction number of measles in low-and middle-income settings using 172 seroprevalence studies: A modelling approach.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Investigation of a measles outbreak in a highly vaccinated middle school, France, 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Measles seroprevalence by birth cohort across the lifespan: a population-based, cross-sectional serosurvey in British Columbia, Canada.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025Article
- Impact of vaccination timing and coverage on measles near elimination dynamics: a mathematical modelling analysis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Long-term Dynamics of Measles Virus-Specific Neutralizing Antibodies in Children Vaccinated Before 12 Months of Age.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Unveiling immunity gaps and determining a suitable age for a third dose of the measles-containing vaccine: a strategic approach to accelerating measles elimination.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- A real-world study on the changing characteristics of measles antibodies in premature infants in China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Estimating the optimal age for infant measles vaccination.Nature communications · 2024Article
- A literature review and evidence-based evaluation of the Dutch national immunisation schedule yield possibilities for improvements.Vaccine: X · 2024Review
- "Anees Has Measles": Storytelling and Singing to Enhance MMR Vaccination in Child Care Centers Amid Religious Hesitancy.Vaccines · 2024Article
- The Problem with Delaying Measles Elimination.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Evaluating Scope and Bias of Population-Level Measles Serosurveys: A Systematized Review and Bias Assessment.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Article
- Impact and cost-effectiveness of measles vaccination through microarray patches in 70 low-income and middle-income countries: mathematical modelling and early-stage economic evaluation.BMJ global health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn settings where measles has been eliminated, vaccine-derived immunity may in theory wane more rapidly due to a lack of immune boosting by circulating measles virus. We aimed to assess whether measles vaccine effectiveness (VE) waned over time, and if so, whether differentially in measles-eliminated and measles-endemic settings.
methodsWe performed a systematic literature review of studies that reported VE and time since vaccination with measles-containing vaccine (MCV). We extracted information on case definition (clinical symptoms and/or laboratory diagnosis), method of vaccination status ascertainment (medical record or vaccine registry), as well as any biases which may have arisen from cold chain issues and a lack of an age at first dose of MCV. We then used linear regression to evaluate VE as a function of age at first dose of MCV and time since MCV.
resultsAfter screening 14,782 citations, we identified three full-text articles from measles-eliminated settings and 33 articles from measles-endemic settings. In elimination settings, two-dose VE estimates increased as age at first dose of MCV increased and decreased as time since MCV increased; however, the small number of studies available limited interpretation. In measles-endemic settings, one-dose VE increased by 1.5% (95% CI 0.5, 2.5) for every month increase in age at first dose of MCV. We found no evidence of waning VE in endemic settings.
conclusionsThe paucity of data from measles-eliminated settings indicates that additional studies and approaches (such as studies using proxies including laboratory correlates of protection) are needed to answer the question of whether VE in measles-eliminated settings wanes. Age at first dose of MCV was the most important factor in determining VE. More VE studies need to be conducted in elimination settings, and standards should be developed for information collected and reported in such studies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.