ArticleAmerican journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation2020
Race and Mortality in CKD and Dialysis: Findings From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study.
Article in American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine N-oxide is associated with the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Cardiovascular Disease in CKD: Ethnic and Regional Differences in Risk and Phenotype.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Review
- At Europe's migration crossroads: dialysis outcomes and transplant access in patients immigrating to Belgium.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Trends in chronic kidney disease-related mortality in older adults in the United States from 1999 to 2020: a cross-sectional study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease: Implications of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Race, and Sex.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Mortality risk in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.BMC nephrology · 2024Article
- Is There Still a Place to Study Race in the Nephrology Space?Kidney international reports · 2023Article
- New eGFR equations: Implications for cardiologists and racial inequities.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2023Article
- Iron status, fibroblast growth factor 23 and cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in chronic kidney disease.Kidney international · 2021Article
- Can Dialysis Withdrawal Explain Why White Patients Have Worse Survival than Black Patients?Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
RATIONALE &
objectivesFew studies have investigated racial disparities in survival among dialysis patients in a manner that considers risk factors and mortality during the phase of kidney disease before maintenance dialysis. Our objective was to explore racial variations in survival among dialysis patients and relate them to racial differences in comorbid conditions and rates of death in the setting of kidney disease not yet requiring dialysis therapy. STUDY
designRetrospective cohort study. SETTINGS &
participants3,288 black and white participants in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC), none of whom were receiving dialysis at enrollment. EXPOSURE: Race. OUTCOME: Mortality. ANALYTIC APPROACH: Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association between race and mortality starting at: (1) time of dialysis initiation and (2) entry into the CRIC.
resultsDuring 7.1 years of median follow-up, 678 CRIC participants started dialysis. Starting from the time of dialysis initiation, blacks had lower risk for death (unadjusted HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.51-0.87) compared with whites. Starting from baseline CRIC enrollment, the strength of the association between some risk factors and dialysis was notably stronger for whites than blacks. For example, the HR for dialysis onset in the presence (vs absence) of heart failure at CRIC enrollment was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.01-1.68) for blacks versus 2.78 (95% CI, 1.90-4.50) for whites, suggesting differential severity of these risk factors by race. When we included deaths occurring both before and after dialysis, risk for death was higher among blacks (vs whites) starting from CRIC enrollment (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.22-1.64), but this finding was attenuated in adjusted models (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.91-1.28). LIMITATIONS: Residual confounding.
conclusionsThe apparent survival advantage among blacks over whites treated with dialysis may be attributed to selected transition of a subset of whites with more severe comorbid conditions onto dialysis.
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