ArticleChemical research in toxicology2019
Metabolism of Benzalkonium Chlorides by Human Hepatic Cytochromes P450.
Article in Chemical research in toxicology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Skin absorption and metabolism of [Toxicological research · 2026Article
- Benzalkonium Chloride-Induced Nephrotoxicity in 2D Cultures and a Human Kidney-on-a-Chip System.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Ingestion of Surface Residues Dominates Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) Exposure in Chinese Urban Homes: Evidence from Silicone Wristband Passive Sampling and Urinary Biomonitoring.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Maternal and Placental Inflammation Influence Formation of Neural Tube Defects in Quaternary Ammonium Compound Exposed Mice.Birth defects research · 2025Article
- Simvastatin inhibits 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid formation: docking and in vitro assay.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
- The curious family of cytochrome P450 4F fatty acid ω-hydroxylases: recent developments in their function and relevance for human health.Open biology · 2025Review
- Current hPSC-derived liver organoids for toxicity testing: Cytochrome P450 enzymes and drug metabolism.Toxicological research · 2025Review
- Oral exposure to benzalkonium chlorides in male and female mice reveals alteration of the gut microbiome and bile acid profile.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2024Article
- Human Cytochrome P450 Cancer-Related Metabolic Activities and Gene Polymorphisms: A Review.Cells · 2024Review
- Reproductive & developmental toxicity of quaternary ammonium compounds†.Biology of reproduction · 2024Review
- Development and Application of a Multidimensional Database for the Detection of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and Their Phase I Hepatic Metabolites in Humans.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Interaction and Transport of Benzalkonium Chlorides by the Organic Cation and Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Transporters.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2024Article
- Article
- An exposure assessment of 27 quaternary ammonium compounds in pet dogs and cats from New York State, USA.Environment international · 2024Article
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: A Chemical Class of Emerging Concern.Environmental science & technology · 2023Review
- Quaternary ammonium compounds of emerging concern: Classification, occurrence, fate, toxicity and antimicrobial resistance.Journal of hazardous materials · 2023Review
- LC-MS/MS methods for the determination of 30 quaternary ammonium compounds including benzalkonium and paraquat in human serum and urine.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences · 2023Article
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: Bioaccumulation Potentials in Humans and Levels in Blood before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic.Environmental science & technology · 2021Article
- Biotransformation Potential of Cationic Surfactants in Fish Assessed with Rainbow Trout Liver S9 Fractions.Environmental toxicology and chemistry · 2021Article
- The Central Role of Cytochrome P450 in Xenobiotic Metabolism-A Brief Review on a Fascinating Enzyme Family.Journal of xenobiotics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) are widely used as disinfectants in cleaning products, medical products, and the food processing industry. Despite a wide range of reported toxicities, limited studies have been conducted on the metabolism of these compounds in animal models and none in human-derived cells or tissues. In this work, we report on the metabolism of BACs in human liver microsomes (HLM) and by recombinant human hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. BAC metabolism in HLM was NADPH-dependent and displayed apparent half-lives that increased with BAC alkyl chain length (C
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.