ArticleEndocrine2020
Liver-derived FGF21 is essential for full adaptation to ketogenic diet but does not regulate glucose homeostasis.
Article in Endocrine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Influence of Ketone Bodies on Circadian Processes Regarding Appetite, Sleep and Hormone Release: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Do Lower-Carbohydrate Diets Increase Total Energy Expenditure? An Updated and Reanalyzed Meta-Analysis of 29 Controlled-Feeding Studies.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- LLF580, an FGF21 Analog, Reduces Triglycerides and Hepatic Fat in Obese Adults With Modest Hypertriglyceridemia.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Trial
- Comparison of Ketogenic Diets with and without Ketone Salts versus a Low-Fat Diet: Liver Fat Responses in Overweight Adults.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Fenofibrate Protects Against Antipsychotic-Induced Hyperglycemia Through Weight Loss and FGF21 Dependent Mechanisms.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Hepatic FGF21 is not required for fasting metabolism but guides protein appetite post energy depletion.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Long-Term Fructose Intake Induces Moderate Liver Inflammation but Does not Overlap with the Detrimental Effects of the Ketogenic Diet on Hepatic Steatosis in Rats.Inflammation · 2026Article
- Metabolic and molecular evaluation of Moringa oleifera-supplemented ketogenic meal replacement in healthy C57BL/6 mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Sex Differences in Ketogenic Diet Response Reveal Gonadal Hormone Interaction With FGF21 in Mice.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Article
- Brain amino acid sensing for organismal amino acid homeostasis.Open biology · 2025Review
- Chronic stress inhibits weight gain and decreases beta-hydroxybutyrate levels and glucose tolerance in female BALB/c fed a high-fat ketogenic diet.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Impact of a very low-calorie ketogenic diet on metabolic and microbiota outcomes in post-bariatric patients and bariatric-Naïve individuals: A comparative pilot study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Gut Microbiota Modulates Fgf21 Expression and Metabolic Phenotypes Induced by Ketogenic Diet.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Fibroblast growth factor 21: An emerging pleiotropic regulator of lipid metabolism and the metabolic network.Genes & diseases · 2024Review
- Changes in Macronutrients during Dieting Lead to Weight Cycling and Metabolic Complications in Mouse Model.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Chronic Hepatitis C: A Potential Non-Invasive Biomarker of Liver Status upon Viral Eradication.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Association between Impaired Ketogenesis and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Editorial for "The Role of Ketogenic Diet in Human Health and Diseases": The Multifaceted Impact of Ketogenic Diets on Health and Disease.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Triple Therapy with Metformin, Ketogenic Diet, and Metronomic Cyclophosphamide Reduced Tumor Growth in MYCN-Amplified Neuroblastoma Xenografts.Metabolites · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is expressed in several metabolically active tissues, including liver, fat, and acinar pancreas, and has pleiotropic effects on metabolic homeostasis. The dominant source of FGF21 in the circulation is the liver. OBJECTIVE AND
methodsTo analyze the physiological functions of hepatic FGF21, we generated a hepatocyte-specific knockout model (LKO) by mating albumin-Cre mice with FGF21 flox/flox (fl/fl) mice and challenged it with different nutritional models.
resultsMice fed a ketogenic diet typically show increased energy expenditure; this effect was attenuated in LKO mice. LKO on KD also developed hepatic pathology and altered hepatic lipid homeostasis. When evaluated using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps, glucose infusion rates, hepatic glucose production, and glucose uptake were similar between fl/fl and LKO DIO mice.
conclusionsWe conclude that liver-derived FGF21 is important for complete adaptation to ketosis but has a more limited role in the regulation of glycemic homeostasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.