ArticleBulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology2020
Toenail Metal Exposures in Fishermen from Bodo City, Nigeria.
Article in Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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3 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Benchtop x-ray fluorescence to quantify elemental content in nails non-destructively.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- Validation of in vivo toenail measurements of manganese and mercury using a portable X-ray fluorescence device.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2022Article
- Portable X-ray Fluorescence as a Rapid Determination Tool to Detect Parts per Million Levels of Ni, Zn, As, Se, and Pb in Human Toenails: A South India Case Study.Environmental science & technology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We conducted exposure assessment using toenails from 20 fishermen living in Bodo City, a community of the Niger delta region in Nigeria. This community has been affected by over 4000 oil spills and environmental disasters. Fishing is the primary source of food and income for individuals in this community. Previous research in Bodo City found elevated metal levels in fish. Toenails were used as a biomarker to investigate the feasibility for use in risk assessment studies in developing countries. The toenails collected had significantly higher manganese levels (median 5.8 µg/g) and lead levels (median 0.98 µg/g) than those reported in more developed countries, comparable levels to those from other low-middle incomes countries. These exposure levels are likely a direct result of exposures from the environmental disasters the community has experienced and would be related to increased risks for many diseases previously associated with heavy metal exposures.
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