ArticleJournal of research in pharmacy practice
Antibiotic Utilization in Iran 2000-2016: Pattern Analysis and Benchmarking with Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Countries.
Article in Journal of research in pharmacy practice. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence of Clostridioides difficile contamination in healthcare and non-healthcare environments: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.International health · 2026Pooled it
- Antibiotic prescribing in inpatient and outpatient settings in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis study.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2021Pooled it
- Consumption of systemic antibiotics in a tertiary care hospital in Northern Sri Lanka: a five-year trend analysis.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Disease spectrum and comorbidity patterns of malignant neoplasms: a multi-center hospital-based retrospective analysis of inpatient insurance claims data.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- A comprehensive descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analysis of antibiotic products' demand pre-, amid, and post-COVID-19 in Iran.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A nationwide study on the consumption and expenditure of osteoporosis medications in Iran during the period from 2001 to 2021.Archives of osteoporosis · 2025Article
- Genomics reveals multiple introductions of the seventh pandemicMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Sociocultural determinants of antimicrobial resistance in Iran: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Impact of an antimicrobial time-out program on antimicrobial consumption rate in hospitalized patients: a quasi-experimental study on the national antimicrobial stewardship program in Iran : Iranian antimicrobial stewardship program.Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences · 2025Article
- Medication waste and disposal behaviors among Iranian households: A Cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Antidiabetic drug utilization pattern, affordability and cost analysis in Iran from 2009 to 2021: A need to revise guideline.PloS one · 2025Article
- A longitudinal point prevalence survey of antimicrobial use and resistance in tertiary care hospitals in Kerman: results from the national Iranian multicenter point prevalence survey of antimicrobials in 2021.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Dynamics of antimicrobial resistance and susceptibility profile in full-scale hospital wastewater treatment plants.Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research · 2024Article
- Resistance pattern of isolated microorganisms from 783 clinical specimen cultures in patients admitted to Yasuj Educational Hospitals, Iran.BMC microbiology · 2023Article
- Prevalence and mechanisms of ciprofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from hospitalized patients, healthy carriers, and wastewaters in Iran.BMC microbiology · 2023Article
- A Process Evaluation of the Isfahan Antibiotic Awareness Campaign: Developing Engagement on Antimicrobial Resistance.Advanced biomedical research · 2023Article
- Overuse of Antibiotics: Who is to Blame? A Qualitative Study.International journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Assessment of mental health, knowledge, and attitude of patients with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in response to 2019 novel coronavirus.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Article
- Tarkhineh as a new microencapsulation matrix improves the quality and sensory characteristics of probiotic Lactococcus lactis KUMS-T18 enriched potato chips.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesAntibiotic resistance is the main threat to health all over the world. The consumption of antibiotics is one of the factors causing the emergence of multidrug resistance. The purpose of this study was to recognize the patterns, trends, and changes of consumption in Iran and to compare them with those of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries.
methodsThe data were collected from a national pharmaceutical wholesale data bank. Defined daily dose (DDD) or DDDs per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID) was calculated as a standard indicator for the consumption over 17 years.
resultsWere benchmarked with the consumption of OECD countries. Drug utilization 90% (DU90%) method was used to assess the drug consumption pattern.
findingsThe antibiotic consumption jumped up from 33.6 DID to 60 DID from 2000 to 2016. Compared to the average consumption of OECD countries, Iran has consumed antibiotics almost triple times. There were 9-11 chemical substances in the DU90% list during these years. Changes in DU90% list occurred within antibiotics classes during the study period. Although the total consumption growth was equal to 79% during these years, consumption of some pharmacological subgroups such as sulfonamide and aminoglycosides has decreased.
conclusionAlbeit the existence of surveillance system for health-related infectious diseases, the consumption of antibiotics has increased drastically, which illustrates the necessity of comprehensive and effective national antibiotic stewardship.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.