ArticleThe Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS2019
Measuring Availability, Prices and Affordability of Ischaemic Heart Disease Medicines in Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Article in The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring factors affecting access to non-communicable disease medicines in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- The role of the private sector in noncommunicable disease prevention and management in low- and middle-income countries: a series of systematic reviews and thematic syntheses.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2023Review
- "What's up with price controls?" Stakeholders' views on the regulation of pharmaceutical pricing in Malaysia.PloS one · 2023Article
- A quasi-experimental study of the volume-based procurement (VBP) effect on antiviral medications of hepatitis B virus in China.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- The impacts of the "4+7" pilot policy on the volume, expenditures, and daily cost of Serotonin-Specific Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) antidepressants: A quasi-experimental study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- The Effects of the National Centralized Drug Purchasing Pilot Program on Nucleos(t)ide Analogs in Shenzhen City: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Factors Impacting Pharmaceutical Prices and Affordability: Narrative Review.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Prices, Availability and Affordability of Medicines with Value-Added Tax Exemption: A Cross-Sectional Survey in the Philippines.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Affordability Assessment from a Static to Dynamic Concept: A Scenario-Based Assessment of Cardiovascular Medicines.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Rapid Assessment of Price Instability and Paucity of Medicines and Protection for COVID-19 Across Asia: Findings and Public Health Implications for the Future.Frontiers in public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study is aimed to analyse the availability, prices and affordability of medicines for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
methodsA quantitative research was carried out using the methodology developed by the World Health Organization and Health Action International (WHO/HAI). The prices were compared with international reference prices (IRPs) to obtain a median price ratio. The daily wage of the lowest paid unskilled government worker was used as the standard of the affordability for the medicines. In this study, ten medicines of the IHD were included. The data were collected from 10 private medicine outlets for both originator brand (OB) and lowest-priced generic brand (LPG) in Bangi, Selangor.
resultsFrom the results, the mean availability of OB and LPG were 30% and 42%, respectively. Final patient prices for LPG and OB were about 10.77 and 24.09 times their IRPs, respectively. Medicines that consumes more than a day's wage are considered unaffordable. Almost half of the IHD medications cost more than one day's wage. For example, the lowest paid unskilled government worker would need 1.4 days' wage for captopril, while 1.2 days' wage to purchase enalapril for LPG. Meanwhile, for OB, the costs rise to 3.4 days' wage for amlodipine and 3.3 days' wage for simvastatin.
conclusionThe findings of this study emphasise the need of focusing and financing, particularly in the private sector, on making chronic disease medicines accessible. This requires multi-faceted interventions, as well as the review of policies and regulations.
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