ReviewPharmaceutics2019
Perivascular and Perineural Pathways Involved in Brain Delivery and Distribution of Drugs after Intranasal Administration.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed.
- Redefining intranasal brain delivery: from nasal entry to meaningful parenchymal and cellular exposure.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- Multi-Component Xinjiang Basil Essential Oil Mitigates Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathology Through Amyloid and Neuroinflammatory Modulation.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Review
- Targeting microglial circMBNL1 unlocks a novel nanomedicine therapeutic strategy for major depressive disorder.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- The Cribriform Plate: A Multifaceted Neuroimmune Hub in CNS Health and Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Comparison of Chitosan-Poloxamer Nanoparticles and Poloxamer-based In-Situ Forming Gel for Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Cetrorelix: In Vitro and Pharmacokinetic Studies in Rats.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Intranasal administration in modulating depressive-like behavior and reconstructing treatment paradigms through neuroinflammation and neurotrophic pathways.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Revisiting Intranasal Salmon Calcitonin: Historical Osteoporosis Evidence and a Potential Role in Acute Orthopaedic Pain Management.JBJS reviews · 2026Review
- From the past to the present: evolving theories in the pathophysiology of normal pressure hydrocephalus.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2026Review
- Micro/Nanoparticles in the Nose-Brain Axis: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Interventions.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Focused ultrasound-enhanced nose-to-brain delivery of a therapeutic antibody in a large-animal model.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Intranasal Biodegradable Nanomedicine for Epilepsy Management: Targeting the Brain Beyond the Blood-Brain Barrier.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- The pharmacotherapeutic potential of neuropeptide Y for chronic pain.Journal of internal medicine · 2025Review
- Crossing Barriers: Advancements in Macromolecular Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Strategies to Overcome the Blood-Brain Barrier.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Intranasal Drug Delivery Technology in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases: Challenges, Advances, and Future Research Directions.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Article
- Extracellular Vesicles: A Review of Their Therapeutic Potentials, Sources, Biodistribution, and Administration Routes.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Effect of insulin on indices of cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular compliance in young adults.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2025Article
- Neuropeptide TIP39 as a pluripotent brain molecule and its potential functions in postpartum depression.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Pharmacokinetic Study of Fingolimod Nasal Films Administered via Nose-to-Brain Route in C57BL/6 J Mice as Potential Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis.Pharmaceutical research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
One of the most challenging aspects of treating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) is the efficient delivery of drugs to their targets within the brain. Only a small fraction of drugs is able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) under physiological conditions, and this observation has prompted investigation into the routes of administration that may potentially bypass the BBB and deliver drugs directly to the CNS. One such route is the intranasal (IN) route. Increasing evidence has suggested that intranasally-administered drugs are able to bypass the BBB and access the brain through anatomical pathways connecting the nasal cavity to the CNS. Though the exact mechanisms regulating the delivery of therapeutics following IN administration are not fully understood, current evidence suggests that the perineural and perivascular spaces of the olfactory and trigeminal nerves are involved in brain delivery and cerebral perivascular spaces are involved in widespread brain distribution. Here, we review evidence for these delivery and distribution pathways, and we address questions that should be resolved in order to optimize the IN route of administration as a viable strategy to treat CNS disease states.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.