ArticlePloS one2019
Human vitreous concentrations of citicoline following topical application of citicoline 2% ophthalmic solution.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The proteasome as a druggable target with multiple therapeutic potentialities: Cutting and non-cutting edges.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2020Pooled it
- Can Treatment With Citicoline Eyedrops Reduce Progression in Glaucoma? The Results of a Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial.Journal of glaucoma · 2020Trial
- Citicoline and Vitamin BAdvances in therapy · 2020Trial
- The Use of Citicoline in Ophthalmology: A systematic review.Beyoglu eye journal · 2026Review
- Neuroprotection beyond intraocular pressure: game changer or quiet addiction.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Review
- Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2022 update.Revista de neurologia · 2022Review
- Intact quantitative bioanalytical method development and fit-for-purpose validation of a monoclonal antibody and its related fab fragment in human vitreous and aqueous humor using LC-HRMS.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2022Article
- [The role of citicoline in glaucoma].Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft · 2021Review
- Citicoline in Ophthalmological Neurodegenerative Disease: A Comprehensive Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The impact of citicoline on brain injury in rats subjected to head irradiation.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the presence and concentration of citicoline and its metabolites (choline, cytidine and uridine) in the vitreous body in human eyes after topical application of an ophthalmic solution of citicoline 2%, in vivo.
methodsTwenty-one subjects affected by epiretinal membrane with surgical indication for pars-plana vitrectomy underwent treatment with 1 drop 3 times/day of a solution of citicoline 2%, 0.2% high molecular weight hyaluronic acid and 0.01% benzalkonium chloride (OMK1, Omikron Italia s.r.l., Rome, Italy) 14 days before surgery and 2 hours prior to surgery. Five additional patients served as controls and received an OMK1 vehicle solution without citicoline. The vitreous samples were taken at the beginning of the pars-plana vitrectomy and analyzed for qualitative/quantitative determination of vitreous concentration of citicoline and its metabolites by means of high performance liquid chromatography.
resultsThe overall mean concentration of citicoline in patients treated with citicoline 2% solution was 406.72 ± 52.99 μg/mL, while the mean concentration of choline, cytidine and uridine was 180.88 ± 41.49 μg/mL, 44.45 ± 10.19 μg/mL and 330.41 ± 75.8 μg/mL, respectively. The concentration of citicoline in phakic eyes (n = 13, 366.61 ± 129.61 μg/mL) was lower compared to that found in pseudophakic eyes (n = 8, 435.89 ± 131.42 μg/mL) and the difference was not statistically significant. The concentration of citicoline in the control eyes was 45.66 ± 26.36 μg/mL, while the concentration of choline, cytidine and uridine were 17.21 ± 9.93 μg/mL, 6.24 ± 3.6 μg/mL and 172.80 ± 99.76 μg/mL, respectively.
conclusionCiticoline can reach the human vitreous in high concentration when administered in ophthalmic solution. This evidence contributes to the build-up of the pyramid of the evidences required for determining the role of citicoline administered in ophthalmic formulation in retinal and optic nerve neurodegenerative diseases.
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