ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2020
A Prospective Study on Risk Factors for Olfactory Dysfunction in Aging.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Associations between olfactory dysfunction and structural MRI findings in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Olfactory dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.Ageing research reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular biomarkers in relation to odor identification in a naturalistic clinical cohort.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Persistent Olfactory Dysfunction Three Years After COVID-19: A Multicenter Observational Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Observational
- Olfaction and Coronary Heart Disease.JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery · 2026Article
- Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Older Adults With Olfactory Dysfunction.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2025Article
- Synergistic and heterogeneous aging using composite phenotypes and multiple organ systems aging clocks.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Unmasking Risk Factors for Post-COVID-19 Olfactory Dysfunction Resulting From Early Stages of the Pandemic: A Case-Control Study of Lost and Lingering Smells.The Permanente journal · 2025Article
- Aging and chronic inflammation: impacts on olfactory dysfunction-a comprehensive review.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Review
- Cerebrovascular burden and neurodegeneration linked to 15-year odor identification decline in older adults.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Persistent Post-COVID-19 Olfactory Dysfunction and Its Association with Autonomic Nervous System Function: A Case-Control Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Aging-associated sensory decline and Alzheimer's disease.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2024Review
- Sensory Health Among Older Adults in the United States: A Neighborhood Context Approach.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Gray matter and episodic memory associations with olfaction in middle-aged to older adults.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2024Article
- Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and poor olfaction in women.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the NIH Toolbox Odor Identification Test across normal cognition, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with Poor Olfaction and Olfactory Decline in Older Adults in the ARIC Neurocognitive Study.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Could olfactory identification be a prognostic factor in detecting cognitive impairment risk in the elderly?GeroScience · 2023Article
- Loss of smelling is an early marker of aging and is associated with inflammation and DNA damage in C57BL/6J mice.Aging cell · 2023Article
- Olfaction in (Social) Context: The Role of Social Complexity in Trajectories of Older Adults' Olfactory Abilities.Journal of aging and health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOlfactory dysfunction (OD) refers to a reduced or absent ability to smell. OD negatively impacts health and quality of life and its prevalence increases with advancing age. Since OD may be an early marker of dementia and impending death, more knowledge regarding risk factors of OD in aging is warranted. The objective was therefore to explore longitudinally which demographic, genetic, clinical, lifestyle, and cognitive factors predict the development of OD.
methodsThe study included participants aged 60-90 years from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K), who did not have OD at baseline and were reassessed with an odor identification task at a 6-year follow-up (n = 1,004). Risk factors of OD were assessed with multivariable logistic regression analyses.
resultsThe percentage of incident OD cases was 14.2% over 6 years in the total sample and this number increased monotonically with age. Increasing age, carrying the ε4 allele of the APOE gene, atrial fibrillation, cerebrovascular disease, and current smoking were found to be risk factors for the development of OD, whereas better olfactory identification and verbal episodic memory proficiency at baseline were identified as protective factors.
conclusionsIn addition to nonmodifiable factors (age and genetic risk), several modifiable risk factors of OD were identified. This suggests that it might be possible to reduce OD incidence through the management of vascular risk factors and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle.
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