ReviewJournal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases2016
Tuberculosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
Review in Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, a controversial burden in the East African context: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- A pilot metabolomics study of tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2019Trial
- Multiple presentations of drug-resistant central nervous system tuberculosis: a case report.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Isolated Central Nervous System Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome-Case Report and Literature Review.Respirology case reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence, risk factors, clinical characteristics and outcomes of tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a HIV and tuberculosis low-incidence setting.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Modulation of pulmonary IL-21 expression during latent TB and M. tuberculosis/SIV coinfection.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Breakthrough Tuberculosis in a Large Cohort of People Living With HIV on Preventive Treatment.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2026Article
- A 24-Year-Old Man with Disseminated Tuberculosis and A Corticosteroid-Refractory Paradoxical Reaction to Anti-Tuberculous Treatment.European journal of case reports in internal medicine · 2026Article
- Disseminated Tuberculosis Masquerading as Malignancy in an Immunocompetent Middle-aged Woman: A Multiorgan Imaging Case Report and Updated Review for CliniciansCurrent medical imaging · 2026Review
- Daily HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis enhances monocyte activation and reprogrammes immune cell metabolism.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Late-onset paradoxical response 11 years after treatment of tuberculous hepatic abscesses in an HIV-negative patient: a case report and literature review.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a non-immunocompromised patient.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2025Article
- Atypical Presentation of Disseminated Tuberculosis With Third Cranial Nerve Palsy and Aortic Aneurysm: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Extensive, Multifocal Pott Disease in a United States-Born Veteran Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- An Unfortunate Case of Tuberculous Meningitis in a 25-Year-Old Primigravida in the Postpartum Period.Cureus · 2025Article
- Central nervous system tuberculosis in Western Sydney: a 10-year retrospective cohort study.Internal medicine journal · 2025Article
- Orbital Myositis as a Paradoxical Reaction to Anti-Tuberculosis TreatmentBalkan medical journal · 2025Article
- Paradoxical Reactions of Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: Report of Three Immunocompetent Cases.Case reports in infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS): Case series and review of the literature.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2025Article
- Tuberculous ventriculitis as a devastating neurological manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: A case report in immunocompetent patient.International journal of surgery case reports · 2024Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tuberculosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is an excessive immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis that may occur in either HIV-infected or uninfected patients, during or after completion of anti-TB therapy. In HIV-infected patients it occurs after initiation of antiretroviral therapy independently from an effective suppression of HIV viremia. There are two forms of IRIS: paradoxical or unmasking. Paradoxical IRIS is characterized by recurrent, new, or worsening symptoms of a treated case. Unmasking IRIS is an antiretroviral-associated inflammatory manifestation of a subclinical infection with a hastened presentation. The pathogenesis is incompletely understood and the epidemiology partially described. No specific tests can establish or rule out the diagnosis. Treatment is based on the use of anti-tuberculosis drugs sometime with adjunctive corticosteroids. Mortality is generally low.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.