ArticleScience advances2019
Long-acting reversible contraception by effervescent microneedle patch.
Article in Science advances, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 234 citations in OpenAlex.
- Driving Drugs Deeper: Force-Driven Microneedle Systems for Active Therapy and Their Road Towards Clinical Implementation.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Photoinitiator-free gelatin hydrogel microneedles for acute gouty arthritis treatment.Science advances · 2026Article
- Triple-layered core-shell microneedle patch for sustained analgesic delivery and chondroprotection in osteoarthritis.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Article
- Mussel-inspired biphasic microneedle patch for long-acting hypothyroidism treatment.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Chiral Microneedle Arrays With Terahertz Chiroptical Activity With Chiral-Plasmon-Chiral-Phonon Resonance.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Sustained-Release Microneedles for Local Delivery of Antibacterial Peptide in Acne Therapy.Polymers · 2026Article
- From conceptual design to translational progress: Emerging advances in intelligent microneedles for biomedical applications.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Article
- Cell-Stress-Free Percutaneous Bioelectrodes.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Microneedle Mediated Gas Delivery for Rapid Separation, Enhanced Drug Penetration, and Combined Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Amphibious microneedles for programmable delivery of biomolecules and microorganisms in living plants.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Dissolvable Microneedles with Their Design, Materials, and Limitations in Translation: a Technical Review.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Review
- Longer Acting Injectable: Continuous, Linear Release of a Progestin Contraceptive From an Oxidized Porous Silicon Host.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- From mechanism to applications: Advanced microneedles for clinical medicine.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Safety Evaluation of Repeated Application of Polymeric Microarray Patches in Miniature Pigs.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Nanoparticles-incorporated hydrogel microneedle for biomedical applications: Fabrication strategies, emerging trends and future prospects.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Autonomous drug delivery and scar microenvironment remodeling using micromotor-driven microneedles for hypertrophic scars therapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Article
- Battery-free and self-propelled bionic microneedle system for chemically controlled on-demand drug delivery.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025Article
- Progressive microneedles for targeting and intelligent drug delivery.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Microneedles at the Forefront of Next Generation Theranostics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To increase access to long-acting contraception, we developed a reversible contraceptive microneedle patch that is simple-to-administer, slowly releases contraceptive hormone (levonorgestrel) for >1 month, and generates no biohazardous sharps waste. After manually pressing the patch to skin for 1 min, microneedles rapidly separate from the patch within the skin due to effervescence triggered by contact with skin's interstitial fluid, as demonstrated in rats and human participants. Long-acting contraception is achieved by formulating microneedles with a biodegradable polymer [poly(lactic-
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.