ReviewTherapeutic advances in gastroenterology2019
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated gastrointestinal and hepatic adverse events and their management.
Review in Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Tumour Mutation Burden on Survival Outcomes in Solid Tumours.Cancer medicine · 2026Pooled it
- A Clinically Grounded Rule-Based Phenotyping Framework for Identifying Immune-Related Adverse Events in Structured Electronic Health Record Data: A Retrospective EHR Study.Research square · 2026Article
- Cardiac dysfunction during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: association with extracardiac immune-related adverse events.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Real-world management and outcomes of immune-mediated diarrhea and colitis: gaps in guideline adherence and opportunities for implementation.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Observational
- Gastritis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Clinical Implications.The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Emerging Combination Platforms in Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2026Review
- Toxicities Associated with Sacituzumab Govitecan: Data from Clinical Trials and a Real-World Pharmacovigilance Database.Current medical science · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cutaneous Adverse Events: Mechanisms of Occurrence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Balancing Tumor Immunotherapy and Immune-Related Adverse Events: Unveiling the Key Regulators.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Outcomes of Budesonide as a Treatment Option for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Colitis in Patients with Cancer.Cancers · 2024Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated gastritis: Patterns and management.World journal of gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Scleroderma: Data from the European Pharmacovigilance Database.Drugs - real world outcomes · 2024Article
- Review
- Hepatobiliary complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2024Review
- Achilles' Heel of currently approved immune checkpoint inhibitors: immune related adverse events.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Immune checkpoint targeting antibodies hold promise for combinatorial cancer therapeutics.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Review
- Pamiparib in combination with tislelizumab in patients with advanced solid tumours: results from the dose-expansion stage of a multicentre, open-label, phase I trial.British journal of cancer · 2023Article
- Characteristics, treatment, and outcome of patients with bowel perforation after immune checkpoint inhibitor exposure.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Colitis: From Pathogenesis to Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDrug-induced colitis is a known complication of therapies that alter the immune balance, damage the intestinal barrier or disturb intestinal microbiota. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) directed against cancer cells may result in activated T lymphocyte-induced immune-related adverse events (AEs), including immune-related colitis and hepatitis. The aim of this review article is to summarize the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatic AEs related to ICI therapy. We have also looked at the pathogenesis of immune-mediated AEs and propose management strategies based on current available evidence.
methodsA literature search using PubMed and Medline databases was undertaken using relevant search terms pertaining to names of individual drugs, mechanism of action, related AEs and their management.
resultsICI-related GI AEs are common, and colitis appears to be the most common side effect, with some studies reporting incidence as high as 30%. The incidence of both all-grade colitis and hepatitis were highest with combination therapy with anti-CTLA-4/PD-1; severity of colitis was dose-dependent (anti-CTLA-4). Early intervention is associated with better outcomes.
conclusionICI-related GI and hepatic AEs are common and clinicians need to be aware. Patients with GI AEs benefit from early diagnosis using endoscopy and computed tomography. Early intervention with oral steroids is effective in the majority of patients, and in steroid-refractory colitis infliximab and vedolizumab have been reported to be useful; mycophenolate has been used for steroid-refractory hepatitis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.