ArticleJournal of virology2020
Lethal Hemorrhagic Disease and Clinical Illness Associated with Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 1 Are Caused by Primary Infection: Implications for the Detection of Diagnostic Proteins.
Article in Journal of virology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of a multiantigen mRNA vaccine against EEHV1A in Asian elephants.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- First evidence of clinical protection from an EEHV1A mRNA vaccine in naturally infected juvenile elephants.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps offer a new therapeutic target for elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus-hemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD).Communications biology · 2026Article
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- A safe, T cell-inducing heterologous vaccine against elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus in a proof-of-concept study.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Tissue and cellular tropism of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV)1A in hemorrhagic disease.PloS one · 2025Article
- Elevated IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ levels in fatal elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus - hemorrhagic disease cases suggest an excessive proinflammatory cytokine response contributes to pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Epidemiological, serological, and viral genomic analysis of an outbreak of elephant hemorrhagic disease in Switzerland.PloS one · 2025Article
- Multi-Antigen Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) mRNA Vaccine Induces Humoral and Cell-Mediated Responses in Mice.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus gB-specific antibody levels in sera of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Japanese zoos.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2024Article
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- Advancing Luciferase-Based Antibody Immunoassays to Next-Generation Mix and Read Testing.Biosensors · 2023Review
- Young elephants in a large herd maintain high levels of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-specific antibodies and do not succumb to fatal haemorrhagic disease.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Article
- Development of Nonstructural Protein-Based Indirect ELISA to Identify Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) Infection in Asian Elephants (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
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- Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 4 andAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
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- Modified vaccinia Ankara expressing EEHV1A glycoprotein B elicits humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mice.PloS one · 2022Article
- Clinical characteristics of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) cases in Asian elephants (The veterinary quarterly · 2021Article
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7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) can cause lethal hemorrhagic disease in juvenile Asian elephants, both in captivity and in the wild. Most deaths associated with the virus are caused by two chimeric variants of EEHV1 (EEHV1A and EEHV1B), while two other EEHVs endemic within Asian elephants (EEHV4 and EEHV5) have been recognized but cause death less often. Whether lethal EEHV infections are due to primary infection or reactivation of latent virus remains unknown, and knowledge of the anti-EEHV antibody levels in young elephants is limited. To close these gaps, we sought to develop a serologic assay capable of distinguishing among infections with different EEHVs using a luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) for antibody profiling and a panel of conserved EEHV recombinant proteins and proteins unique to EEHV1. The results showed that elephants dying from EEHV1 hemorrhagic disease or ill from EEHV infection were seronegative for the EEHV species that caused the disease or illness, indicating that the events were associated with primary infection rather than reactivation of latent virus. We also demonstrated that waning of EEHV1-specific antibodies can occur in the first 2 years of life, when a threshold protective level of antibody may be needed to prevent severe EEHV1-related disease. Use of the LIPS assay to identify putative "diagnostic" proteins would be a valuable asset in determining the EEHV immune status of young elephants and responses to candidate EEHV vaccines in the future.
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