ArticleCancer research2020
Novel Mechanisms of Cancer Emerge When Accounting for Sex as a Biological Variable.
Article in Cancer research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Sex-Biased Immunity: The Hidden Variable in Immuno-oncology.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Article
- Deciphering the genetic underlying causes of sex differences in multiple myeloma incidence and mortality.HGG advances · 2026Article
- Robust but independent sex differences in human brain function, structure, and behavior.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Personalized Combination Therapy in Bladder Cancer: cAMP Modulators Synergize with 5-FU and Modulate Redox Programs.Cancers · 2026Article
- SLiM 5: Eco-evolutionary Simulations Across Multiple Chromosomes and Full Genomes.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- The importance of sex dimorphism in liver metabolism and progressive liver diseases.Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- Sex and gender differences in cancer pathogenesis and pharmacology.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- Reproducible autosomal gene expression changes with loss of typical X and Y complement across tumor types.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Sex as a Biological Variable in Early-Phase Oncology Clinical Trials: Enhancing the Path to Personalised Medicine.Heliyon · 2024Review
- In silico analysis of overall survival with YBX1 in male and female solid tumours.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Sex differences in drug effects and/or toxicity in oncology.Current research in pharmacology and drug discovery · 2023Article
- Sex differences in the human brain: a roadmap for more careful analysis and interpretation of a biological reality.Biology of sex differences · 2022Article
- Sex differences in hepatocellular carcinoma indicated BEX4 as a potential target to improve efficacy of lenvatinib plus immune checkpoint inhibitors.Journal of Cancer · 2022Article
- The Y chromosome and its impact on health and disease.Human molecular genetics · 2021Review
- Sex-dependent dynamics of metabolism in primary mouse hepatocytes.Archives of toxicology · 2021Article
- A signature of seven immune-related genes predicts overall survival in male gastric cancer patients.Cancer cell international · 2021Article
- Article
- Chronic Disruption of the Late Cholesterol Synthesis Leads to Female-Prevalent Liver Cancer.Cancers · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
There is a large gap between the aspiration of considering sex as biological variable and the execution of such studies, particularly in genomic studies of human cancer. This represents a lost opportunity to identify sex-specific molecular etiologies that may underpin the dramatic sex differences in cancer incidence and outcome. There are conceptual and practical challenges associated with considering sex as a biological variable, including the definition of sex itself and the need for novel study designs. A better understanding of cancer mechanisms, resulting in improved outcomes, will reward the effort invested in incorporating sex as a biological variable.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.