ArticleBMC pediatrics2019
Association between early childhood caries and malnutrition in a sub-urban population in Nigeria.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and associated risk indicators of early childhood caries in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries in Africa: A Systematic Review.International journal of paediatric dentistry · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between sugar intake and dental caries in Nigeria.BMC oral health · 2024Pooled it
- The bi-directional relationship between growth stunting and early childhood caries: a rapid review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Individual, Family, and Socioeconomic Contributors to Dental Caries in Children from Low- and Middle-Income Countries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Anthropometric Measures and Early Childhood Caries: A Thai Birth Cohort Study.JDR clinical and translational research · 2026Article
- Dietary diversity and food groups associated with early childhood caries in a suburban community in Nigeria.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Dental Caries Status of Children and Adolescents in West Africa-A Literature Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Risk indicators for dental caries among preschoolers, school children/adolescents and adults in Nigeria: a scoping review.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Risk Factors of Early Childhood Caries among Preschool Children in Madipakkam, Chennai: Cross-Sectional Survey.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2024Article
- Dental Caries Pattern Amongst Tanzanian Children: National Oral Health Survey.International dental journal · 2023Article
- Analysis of Saliva Composition: Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein, Total Protein, and Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in Rattus norvegicus with Stunted Growth.European journal of dentistry · 2023Article
- "To enroll or not to enroll": a qualitative study on preferences for dental insurance in Iran.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Dental Caries Severity and Nutritional Status of Nigerian Preschool Children.JDR clinical and translational research · 2022Article
- Does Growth Stunting Correlate with Oral Health in Children?: A Systematic Review.European journal of dentistry · 2022Article
- A cross-sectional study on dietary assessment, oral hygiene behavior, and oral health status of adolescent girls.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Epidemiological profile of early childhood caries in a sub-urban population in Nigeria.BMC oral health · 2021Article
- Prevalence of early childhood caries, risk factors and nutritional status among 3-5-year-old preschool children in Kisarawe, Tanzania.PloS one · 2021Article
- Associations between Child Snack and Beverage Consumption, Severe Dental Caries, and Malnutrition in Nepal.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Association Between Environmental Health, Ecosystem Vitality, and Early Childhood Caries.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo determine the association between malnutrition and early childhood caries (ECC) in children resident in sub-urban, Nigeria.
methodsThis study was a subset of a larger cross-sectional study the data of which was generated through a household survey conducted in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The study's explanatory variable was malnutrition (underweight, overweight, wasting and stunting) and the outcome variable was ECC. Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the association between ECC and malnutrition. Variables (sex, frequency of sugar consumption, maternal knowledge of oral hygiene, oral hygiene status) associated with ECC in the primary study were adjusted for to obtain the adjusted prevalence ratio (APR).
resultsOf the 370 children, 20 (5.41%) were underweight, 20 (5.41%) were overweight, 67 (18.11%) were wasting, 120 (32.43%) were stunted and 18 (4.86%) had ECC. Factors associated with ECC were being stunted, underweight, overweight and fair oral hygiene. The prevalence of ECC was lower in children who were stunted (APR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03-0.69; p = 0.02), almost seven times higher in children who were overweight (APR: 6.88; 95% CI: 1.83-25.85; p < 0.001), and predictively absent in children who were underweight (APR: 0; 95% CI: 0-0; p < 0.001) when compared with children who had normal weight. Non-significant risk indicators for ECC included consuming sugar between meals three times a day or more, having low socioeconomic status and being female.
conclusionsFor this study population, the indicators of malnutrition - being stunted, underweight, overweight - and fair oral hygiene were risk indicators for ECC. The frequency of sugar consumption was not a significant risk indicator when malnutrition was included as an explanatory variable for ECC in the study population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.