ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2020
Urban green space, tree canopy and prevention of cardiometabolic diseases: a multilevel longitudinal study of 46 786 Australians.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Does the biodiversity of urban green spaces impact on human health? A systematic review of literature.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Association between green space exposure and elderly health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Impacts of Urban Green on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- The Differences by Sex and Gender in the Relationship Between Urban Greenness and Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Green Space Quality and Health: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Relationship between Green and Blue Spaces with Mental and Physical Health: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Observational Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Increasing Urban Tree Canopy Associated With Reduced Mortality: A Longitudinal Analysis of Chicago Neighborhoods.GeoHealth · 2026Article
- Private garden exposure and public park access in relation to type-2 diabetes incidence: a UK Biobank cohort study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Association of long-term exposure to green space with cardiovascular health and the mediating role of triglyceride-glucose in dex in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: a nationwide cohort study.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2026Article
- The mortality impacts of implementing the 3-30-300 greenness rule and the WHO air quality guidelines in Bari, Southern Italy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Natural environment and gestational diabetes risk in Australia: a spatiotemporal ecological regression approach.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Greater Hypertension Risk among Foreign-born Adults: Examining the Roles of Language, Nativity, and Neighborhood Deprivation in an Ethnoracially Diverse U.S. Sample.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Spatial Social Polarization and Cardiometabolic Disease Prevalence and Incidence: What Is the Role of the Neighborhood Environment?Journal of health and social behavior · 2026Article
- Early life stress enhances the association between residential nature exposure and fasting blood glucose.PloS one · 2026Article
- Is objectively measured exposure to built and natural environment associated with population-level cardiovascular disease mortality in Great Britain?SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Residential greenness and diabetes incidence in two prospective cohorts of US women.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Emerging risk factors for heart failure in younger populations: A growing public health concern.World journal of cardiology · 2025Review
- Impact of Different Greenspace Metrics on Cardiovascular Disease Incidence in Urban Settings: A Comparative Analysis.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Co-benefits of nature-based solutions: A health impact assessment of the Barcelona Green Corridor (Eixos Verds) plan.Environment international · 2025Article
- The mortality impacts of greening Italy.Nature communications · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCross-sectional studies suggest that more green space may lower the odds of prevalent diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in cities. We assess if these results are replicable for tree canopy exposure and then extend the study longitudinally to examine incident cardiometabolic outcomes.
methodsThe study was set in the Australian cities of Sydney, Wollongong and Newcastle. Total green space and tree canopy as percentages of landcover within 1.6 km (1 mile) from home were linked to a residentially stable sample of 46 786 participants in the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study (baseline 2006-09; follow-up 2012-15). Separate multilevel models were used to investigate whether the odds of prevalent and incident doctor-diagnosed diabetes, hypertension and CVD were associated with total green space and tree canopy provision, adjusting for age, sex, income, education, employment and couple status.
resultsLower odds of prevalent diabetes were observed with 1% increases in total green space [odds ratio (OR) 0.993, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.988 to 0.998] and tree canopy (0.984, 0.978 to 0.989). Lower odds of prevalent CVD were found with a 1% increase in tree canopy only (0.996, 0.993 to 0.999). Lower odds of incident diabetes (0.988, 0.981 to 0.994), hypertension (0.993, 0.989 to 0.997) and CVD (0.993, 0.988 to 0.998) were associated with a 1% increase in tree canopy, but not total green space. At ≥30% compared with 0-9% tree canopy, there were lower odds of incident diabetes (0.687, 0.547 to 0.855), hypertension (0.828, 0.719 to 0.952) and CVD (0.782, 0.652 to 0.935). However, ≥30% compared with 0-4% total green space was associated with lower odds of prevalent diabetes only (0.695, 0.512 to 0.962).
conclusionsRestoring local tree canopy in neighbourhoods may help to prevent the incidence of cardiometabolic diseases.
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