Trial reportInternational archives of allergy and immunology2020
Changes in CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells and Serum Cytokines in Sublingual and Subcutaneous Immunotherapy in Allergic Rhinitis with or without Asthma.
Trial report in International archives of allergy and immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of house dust mite allergen immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis: a network meta-analysis based on component-resolved classification.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Sublingual immunotherapy for asthma.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Sublingual immunotherapy for 4 years increased the number of Foxp3Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2021Trial
- Recent advances in allergen immunotherapy.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Sublingual and Subcutaneous Immunotherapy in Children with Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials Including Direct and Indirect Comparisons.International journal of general medicine · 2025Review
- Protective Effect of Allergen Immunotherapy in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Against COVID-19 Infection: Observational, Nationwide, and Multicenter Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Observational
- Focused allergic rhinitis practice parameter for Canada.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2024Article
- The evidence for commercial house dust mite immunotherapy products: A pragmatic systematic review with narrative synthesis.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2024Review
- The KAAACI Guidelines for Sublingual Immunotherapy.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2024Review
- Evaluation of the Correlation Between Nasal Secretion ECP-MPO Test Papers and Immune Markers in Subcutaneous Immunotherapy of Dust Mites.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2024Article
- Exploring redox imbalance and inflammation for asthma therapy.Molecular biology reports · 2023Review
- KAAACI Allergic Rhinitis Guidelines: Part 2. Update in Non-pharmacological Management.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2023Review
- Allergen immunotherapy in China.Frontiers in allergy · 2023Review
- Brazilian guidelines for allergen immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2023Article
- Real-Life Effectiveness of Subcutaneous Immune Therapy with Carbamylated Monomeric Allergoids on Mite, Grass, and Pellitory Respiratory Allergy: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Allergen Immunotherapy-Treated Mice Suppressed IL-5 Production from Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Mechanisms and biomarkers of successful allergen-specific immunotherapy.Asia Pacific allergy · 2022Review
- Immune mechanisms induced by sublingual immunotherapy in allergic respiratory diseases.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Review
- Review
- Biomarkers of AIT: Models of prediction of efficacy.Allergologie select · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFew studies have directly compared the immunologic responses to specific subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT).
objectiveWe aimed to directly compare clinical efficacy and immunological responses between SLIT and SCIT in allergic rhinitis (AR) sensitized to house dust mites.
methodsSixty-seven patients (age 5-55 years) with moderate-severe Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der-p) and Dermatophagoides farinae AR with or without asthma were randomized (2:2:1) into SLIT (n = 27), SCIT (n = 26) and placebo (n = 14) groups. Symptom and medication scores, visual analogue score, serum Der-p specific immunoglobulin G4 (Der-p-sIgG4), CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and serum cytokines were measured.
resultsAfter 1-year treatment, a significant improvement of total rhinitis score (TRS), total rhinitis medication score (TRMS) and visual analogue score occurred in both SLIT and SCIT. There were no differences in clinical efficacy except for TRMS (p = 0.026) when SLIT and SCIT were directly compared. CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs had a trend towards upregulation in the 2 modes and inversely correlated with TRS (p = 0.024) only in SLIT. Der-p-sIgG4 significantly increased in SLIT and SCIT (p < 0.05), and it was 30 times higher in SCIT than SLIT after the treatment (p < 0.05). Serum interferon-γ significantly increased only in SCIT after 1 (p = 0.008), 6 (p = 0.007) and 12 (p = 0.008) months of treatment and inversely correlated with TRS (p = 0.032).
conclusionWhile SCIT and SLIT have similar rates of clinical improvement, the 2 modes reveal heterogeneous changes of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs, sIgG4 and cytokines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.