ArticlePloS one2019
Outpatient antibiotic prescription rate and pattern in the private sector in India: Evidence from medical audit data.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Antibiotic use and colorectal neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2021Pooled it
- Clinical Outcomes with High-Dose Amoxycillin-Clavulanate Suspension in Children with Respiratory Tract Infections: A Prospective, Multicentre, Phase IV Study in India.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- Audit of antibiotic prescribing practices for pediatric pneumonia in the outpatient department: focus on amoxicillin and azithromycin.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Quality of antibiotics prescription in hospitals in Burkina Faso: a multispecialty clinical audit.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Article
- Impact of WHO AWaRe Antibiotic Handbook training on antibiotics prescribing knowledge among private primary care providers: a vignette-based, prep-post pilot study in Patna, India.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Article
- Investigating the know-do gap in antibiotics prescribing: Experimental evidence from India.Science advances · 2025Article
- Importance of hospital-specific antibiotic policy for ensuring maternal quality of care in India: A narrative review.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Review
- Did the periodic intensification of routine immunisation strategy (Intensified mission Indradhanush) reduce the demand for pediatric antibiotic formulations in India?BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Optical tuning of polymer functionalized zinc oxide quantum dots as a selective probe for the detection of antibiotics.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine Position Statement on the Management of Sepsis in Resource-limited Settings.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2024Article
- Antibiotics Prescriptions Pattern among Patients Visiting Primary Health Care Centers (PHCC) before and during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study from Qatar.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Do private providers initiate anti-tuberculosis therapy on the basis of chest radiographs? A standardised patient study in urban India.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2023Article
- Antibiotic prescriptions for oral diseases in India: evidence from national prescription data.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- Antibiotic therapy is associated with an increased incidence of cancer.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Trends and Patterns of Antibiotic Prescriptions in Primary Care Institutions in Southwest China, 2017-2022.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Article
- Evaluating the impact of price regulation (Drug Price Control Order 2013) on antibiotic sales in India: a quasi-experimental analysis, 2008-2018.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2022Article
- A Formative Assessment of Antibiotic Dispensing/Prescribing Practices and Knowledge and Perceptions of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) among Healthcare Workers in Lahore Pakistan.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Antibiotic prescribing amongst South African general practitioners in private practice: an analysis of a health insurance database.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2022Article
- Consumption of systemic antibiotics in India in 2019.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
The key objective of this research was to generate new evidence on outpatient antibiotic prescription rate and patterns in the private sector in India. We used 12-month period (May 2013 to April 2014) medical audit dataset from IQVIA (formerly IMS Health). We coded the diagnosis provided in the medical audit data to International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) and the prescribed antibiotics for the diagnosis to Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification of World Health Organization (ATC index-2016). We calculated and reported antibiotic prescription rate per 1,000 persons per year, by age groups, antibiotic class and disease conditions. Our main findings are-approximately 519 million antibiotic prescriptions were dispensed in the private sector, which translates into 412 prescriptions per 1,000 persons per year. Majority of the antibiotic prescriptions were dispensed for acute upper respiratory infections (J06) (20.4%); unspecified acute lower respiratory infection (J22) (12.8%); disorders of urinary system (N39) (6.0%); cough (R05) (4.7%); and acute nasopharyngitis (J00) (4.6%) and highest antibiotic prescription rates were observed in the age group 0-4 years. To conclude our study reports first ever country level estimates of antibiotic prescription by antibiotic classes, age groups, and ICD-10 mapped disease conditions.
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