Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31721069›Full record

ReviewCurrent osteoporosis reports2019

Mechanisms of Immune Evasion and Bone Tissue Colonization That Make Staphylococcus aureus the Primary Pathogen in Osteomyelitis.

Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan, Elysia A Masters, John L Daiss, Edward M Schwarz

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current osteoporosis reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
105citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

105 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Bone and Infections: An Osteoimmunological Interplay.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Raman Monitoring ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article

45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Gowrishankar MuthukrishnanCenter for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
Elysia A MastersCenter for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
John L DaissCenter for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
Edward M SchwarzCenter for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA. Edward_schwarz@urmc.rochester.edu.

Funding

Project 2: Defining the Protective vs. Susceptible Immune Proteome of S. aureus OsteomyelitisP50AR072000 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI Edward M. Schwarz · 2017 to 2026
$13.6M
Rochester Resource-Based Center for Bone, Muscle and Orthopaedic Research (ROCSTARR) (Overall Application)P30AR069655 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI Edward M. Schwarz · 2016 to 2026
$7.8M
Diagnosis of early Staphylococcus aureus infections using circulating plasmablastsR21AI119646 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI DAISS, JOHN LINFORTH · 2016 to 2017
$422k
NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI119646NIAMS NIH HHS P30 AR069655NIAMS NIH HHS P50 AR072000
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewStaphylococcus aureus is the primary pathogen responsible for osteomyelitis, which remains a major healthcare burden. To understand its dominance, here we review the unique pathogenic mechanisms utilized by S. aureus that enable it to cause incurable osteomyelitis. RECENT

findingsUsing an arsenal of toxins and virulence proteins, S. aureus kills and usurps immune cells during infection, to produce non-neutralizing pathogenic antibodies that thwart adaptive immunity. S. aureus also has specific mechanisms for distinct biofilm formation on implants, necrotic bone tissue, bone marrow, and within the osteocyte lacuno-canicular networks (OLCN) of live bone. In vitro studies have also demonstrated potential for intracellular colonization of osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. S. aureus has evolved a multitude of virulence mechanisms to achieve life-long infection of the bone, most notably colonization of OLCN. Targeting S. aureus proteins involved in these pathways could provide new targets for antibiotics and immunotherapies.

Indexed as

Immune EvasionAbscessAdaptive ImmunityBiofilmsB-LymphocytesBone and BonesHumansImmunity, CellularImmunity, HumoralOsteoblastsOsteoclastsOsteocytesOsteomyelitisStaphylococcal InfectionsStaphylococcal Protein AStaphylococcus aureusStaphylococcal Protein AAdaptive immunityCanalicular invasionImmune proteomeOrthopedic infectionsOsteomyelitisStaphylococcus aureus

Identifiers

PMID31721069
PMCPMC7344867

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.