ReviewCellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS2020
Diversity of macrophage phenotypes and responses in atherosclerosis.
Review in Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 119 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Vascular Immunometabolism in Atherosclerosis: Emerging Roles of Glycometabolic Reprogramming in Immune and Vascular Cells.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Gut microbiota regulate atherosclerosis via the gut-vascular axis: a scoping review of mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Macrophage Subsets and Death Are Responsible for Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Network pharmacology-based investigation on the mechanism of aloin in ameliorating atherosclerosis by regulating macrophage polarization.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms of iron metabolism and ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases and intervention strategies targeting natural products (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Metabolic Perspective on Atherosclerosis: Macrophage Reprogramming and Novel Therapeutic Targets.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Review
- Bone Marrow Failure Model Mimics Aplastic Anemia Patients: Single-Cell Landscape of Immune Response Reveals Novel Mechanisms of Immune Imbalance in AA.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Kupffer cells: Orchestrators of liver physiology.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2026Review
- Microcalcification: Effects on Atherosclerotic Vulnerable Plaques, Detection, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- Cytotoxic CD4Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Unraveling Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cardiovascular Toxicities: Pathway Insights, Mechanisms, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Exposure to a PFAS mixture alters cholesterol lipoprotein subfractions and induces a foam cell-like aortic macrophage expression profile in hyperlipidemic LDLrToxicology and applied pharmacology · 2026Article
- A single-cell and spatial atlas of plaque macrophage states in human atherosclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- NMN protects vascular endothelial cells from M1 macrophage-derived IL-1β-induced hyperpermeability by inhibiting VE-cadherin degradation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Pathological mechanisms and research progress of multilevel intervention therapy for coronary heart disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Fatty acid metabolism and lipid channeling in macrophages: mechanisms of inflammation, resolution, and lipotoxicity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil High in Bioactive Compounds on Atherosclerosis in Apoe-Deficient Mice.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
- Interplay Between KLF4, STAT, IRF, and NF-κB in VSMC and Macrophage Plasticity During Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Iron in Vascular Calcification: Pro-Calcific Agent or Protective Modulator?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Oral targeting tilianin nanoplatform mitigates atherosclerosis through promoting macrophage phagocytosis and anti-inflammation.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The presence of macrophages within the plaque is a defining hallmark of atherosclerosis. Macrophages are exposed to various microenvironments such as oxidized lipids and cytokines which effect their phenotypic differentiation and activation. Classically, macrophages have been divided into two groups: M1 and M2 macrophages induced by T-helper 1 and T-helper 2 cytokines, respectively. However, for a decade, greater phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity of these cells have since been reported in various models. In addition to M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes, the concept of additional macrophage phenotypes such as M (Hb), Mox, and M4 has emerged. Understanding the mechanisms and functions of distinct phenotype of macrophages can lead to determination of their potential role in atherosclerotic plaque pathogenesis. However, there are still many unresolved controversies regarding their phenotype and function with respect to atherosclerosis. Here, we summarize and focus on the differential subtypes of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques and their differing functional roles based upon microenvironments such as lipid, intraplaque hemorrhage, and plaque regression.
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Registered trials
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