ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2020
Sex-specific Estrogen Levels and Reference Intervals from Infancy to Late Adulthood Determined by LC-MS/MS.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 188 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role and Regulation of Intramuscular Sex Hormones in Skeletal Muscle: A Systematic Review.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome.European journal of endocrinology · 2024Guideline
- Sexual dimorphism of leptin and adiposity in children between 0 and 10 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Biology of sex differences · 2022Pooled it
- Pubertal induction and transition to adult sex hormone replacement in patients with congenital pituitary or gonadal reproductive hormone deficiency: an Endo-ERN clinical practice guideline.European journal of endocrinology · 2022Guideline
- A multi-country, multi-year, meta-analytic evaluation of the sex differences in age-specific pertussis incidence rates.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- CYP19A1 variation in healthy children: associations with breast development and pubertal gynecomastia.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- Beyond the canonical view: steroid receptor network plasticity and mechanosensitive chromatin integration in breast cancer.NAR cancer · 2026Review
- Mapping of sex hormones in the testicular vein of healthy men.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Effect of ligands and HIV latency-reversing agents on estrogen receptor α in CD4+ T cells.JCI insight · 2026Article
- A literature overview of age- and Tanner stage-specific reference intervals for sex hormones for children aged 0-18 years.Journal of molecular endocrinology · 2026Review
- Prenatal antifungal exposure disrupts fetal steroidogenesis and is associated with persistent effects in children.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- The HIV Reservoir and Immune Landscape Across the Life Course of Women: Implications for Cure Strategies.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Influence of oestradiol on exercise induced muscular damage and heart rate variability in a non-trained healthy population.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Highly specific ID-UHPLC-MS/MS method for analyzing polar and non-polar steroid hormones.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- 17α-Estradiol: A mildly feminizing estrogen with sex-specific metabolic and lifespan benefits.Ageing research reviews · 2026Review
- The regulation of intrahepatic fatty acid partitioning within the human liver: the effect of sex.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Review
- Media matters: phenol red and fetal bovine serum estrogen in traditional cell culture media influence human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) processes and differentiation in a sex-biased manner.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Pharmacokinetic analysis of 25 mg estradiol subcutaneous bioabsorbable implant in postmenopausal women (CLARA STUDY).Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Considerations and practical recommendations for identifying perimenopause in longitudinal research.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Effects of Puberty Suppression and Sex Steroids on Weight, BMI, and Lipid Profiles in Danish Transgender Adolescents.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Observational
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextThe lack of sensitive and robust analytical methods has hindered the reliable quantification of estrogen metabolites in subjects with low concentrations.
objectiveTo establish sex-specific reference ranges for estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) throughout life and to evaluate sex-differences using the state-of-the-art liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for quantification of E1, E2, and estriol (E3).
designLC-MS/MS method development and construction of estrogen reference ranges. SETTINGS: Population-based cross-sectional cohorts from the greater Copenhagen and Aarhus areas.
participantsHealthy participants aged 3 months to 61 years (n = 1838).
resultsAn isotope diluted LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for measurements of serum E1, E2, and E3. Limits of detections (LODs) were 3 pmol/L (E1), 4 pmol/L (E2), and 12 pmol/L (E3), respectively. This sensitive method made it possible to differentiate between male and female concentration levels of E1 and E2 in children. In girls, E2 levels ranged from <LOD to 100 pmol/L during mini-puberty, whereas it was ≤20 pmol/L during childhood. E1 and E2 increased with age and pubertal breast stage and varied during the menstrual cycle; E1 was lower than E2 in girls and premenopausal women, and higher than E2 in postmenopausal women. In boys, E1 and E2 increased with age and pubertal stage, whereas little changes with age were observed in men. High E3 concentrations were confirmed in pregnant women.
conclusionReference ranges of simultaneous quantification of E1 and E2 by this novel specific and highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method provide an invaluable tool in clinical practice and in future research studies.
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