ArticleCureus2019
Effectiveness of Theobromine on Enamel Remineralization: A Comparative In-vitro Study.
Article in Cureus, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05187507 (The Effectiveness Evaluation of the Theobromine Containing Toothpastes in Controlling Dental Plaque in Children Aged 6-9years), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effectiveness Evaluation of the Theobromine Containing Toothpastes in Controlling Dental Plaque in Children Aged 6-9years(Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial)
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enamel Remineralizing Agents: State of the Art.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- In vitro assessment of experimental bioactive tooth gel formulas containing L-arginine, ginger and eggshell for remineralization and anti-bacterial effect.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Comparative evaluation of the remineralisation potential of biomimetic agents on phosphorylated dentine using SEM-EDX analysis: an in vitro study.Biomaterial investigations in dentistry · 2026Article
- Effect of a Home Bleaching Gel Containing Chitosan and Theobromine on Tooth Surface Roughness, Microhardness, and Colour Change.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Effect of Home Bleaching Gel with Chitosan on Tooth Color and Mineral Alteration.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Color Masking Ability of Guided Enamel Regeneration with a Novel Self-Assembling Peptide and Resin Infiltration on Artificial Enamel Lesions Under Various Challenges: An In Vitro Spectrophotometric Analysis.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- In Vitro Models Used in Cariology Mineralisation Research-A Review of the Literature.Dentistry journal · 2024Review
- Comparative evaluation of fluoride-free remineralization agents with and without Er,Cr:YSGG laser on artificial enamel remineralization.Lasers in medical science · 2023Article
- Laboratory evaluation of anti-plaque and remineralization efficacy of sugarless probiotic jelly candy supplemented with natural nano prebiotic additive.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Theobromine versus casein phospho-peptides/Amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride as remineralizing agents: effect on resin-dentine bond strength, microhardness, and morphology of dentine.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- Regaining enamel color quality using enamel matrix derivative.Medical molecular morphology · 2023Article
- Effect of Er:YAG Laser Irradiation and Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride Therapy on Re-Mineralization of White Spot Lesions.Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran) · 2021Article
- Artificial Caries Lesion Characteristics after Secondary Demineralization with Theobromine-Containing Protocol.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Efficacy of Theobromine and Sodium Fluoride Solutions for Remineralization of Initial Enamel Caries Lesions.Frontiers in dentistry · 2021Article
- The Effect of Toothpastes Containing Natural Ingredients Such As Theobromine and Caffeine on Enamel Microhardness: An In Vitro Study.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Remineralizing agents demonstrate potential to reverse early carious lesions. Theobromine containing dentifrices claim to remineralize enamel lesions effectively. The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate and compare the remineralization potential of dentifrices containing theobromine, 0.21% sodium fluoride (NaF) with functionalized tricalcium phosphate (f-TCP) and amine fluoride on artificial enamel caries. Materials and methods Sound extracted human premolars were demineralized to produce deep artificial carious lesions. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally and allocated to three treatment groups with nine specimens in each group: Group A (NaF + f-TCP), Group B (amine fluoride), and Group C (theobromine). The specimens were then subjected to pH cycling for seven days. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was utilized to record the patterns of demineralization and remineralization. One-way ANOVA and paired t-test were used to analyze changes in lesion depth. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results All three dentifrices effectively remineralized artificial carious lesions (paired t-test, p<0.001). Of the groups, Group A (54.97%) reported the highest percentage change in lesion depth values followed closely by Group B (51.51%) and Group C (31.71%), respectively. Conclusion Within this in-vitro study, theobromine containing dentifrice was effective in remineralizing lesions of enamel. However, theobromine demonstrated less remineralization potential in comparison to dentifrices containing NaF + f-(TCP) and amine fluoride.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.