Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31718592›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2019

Educational inequalities in health after work exit: the role of work characteristics.

Sascha de Breij, Jeevitha Yogachandiran Qvist, Daniel Holman, Jana Mäcken, Jorma Seitsamo, Martijn Huisman, Dorly J H Deeg

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sascha de BreijDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. s.debreij@amsterdamumc.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1970-6041
Jeevitha Yogachandiran QvistCentre for Comparative Welfare Studies, Department of Politics and Society, Aalborg University, Fibigerstræde 1 88a, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
Daniel HolmanDepartment of Sociological Studies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TU, UK.
Jana MäckenInstitute of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Universitätsstr. 22a, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
Jorma SeitsamoDepartment of Work Ability and Working Careers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41b, FI-00250, Helsinki, Finland.
Martijn HuismanDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Dorly J H DeegDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Funding

economic and social research council ES/P000177/1ZonMw 208060002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEducational inequalities in health have been widely reported. A low educational level is associated with more adverse working conditions. Working conditions, in turn, are associated with health and there is evidence that this association remains after work exit. Because many countries are raising the statutory retirement age, lower educated workers have to spend more years working under adverse conditions. Therefore, educational health inequalities may increase in the future. This study examined (1) whether there were educational differences over time in health after work exit and (2) whether work characteristics mediate these educational inequalities in health.

methodsData from five prospective cohort studies were used: The Netherlands (Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam), Denmark (Danish Longitudinal Study of Aging), England (English Longitudinal Study of Ageing), Germany (German Aging Study), and Finland (Finnish Longitudinal Study on Municipal Employees). In each dataset we used Generalized Estimating Equations to examine the relationship between education and self-rated health after work exit with a maximum follow-up of 15 years and possible mediation of work characteristics, including physical demands, psychosocial demands, autonomy, and variation in activities.

resultsThe low educated reported significantly poorer health after work exit than the higher educated. Lower educated workers had a higher risk of high physical demands and a lower risk of high psychosocial demands, high variation in tasks, and high autonomy at work, compared to higher educated workers. These work characteristics were found to be mediators of the relationship between education and health after work exit, consistent across countries.

conclusionEducational inequalities in health are still present after work exit. If workers are to spend an extended part of their lives at work due to an increase in the statutory retirement age, these health inequalities may increase. Improving working conditions will likely reduce these inequalities in health.

Indexed as

Educational StatusHealth Status DisparitiesRetirementWorkAgedAged, 80 and overAge FactorsDenmarkEmploymentEnglandFemaleFinlandGermanyHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleEducationEuropean countriesHealth inequalitiesMediation analysisPost-retirement healthWork characteristics

Identifiers

PMID31718592
PMCPMC6852931

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.