ArticleBiology letters2019
Why intergroup variation matters for understanding behaviour.
Article in Biology letters, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Group size modulates kinship dynamics and selection on social traits.Evolution letters · 2026Article
- Interspecific Conformity and Asymmetric Behavioral Convergence inEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- Chimpanzee groups achieve sustainable resource use in a common-pool resource dilemma.Communications psychology · 2026Article
- The physics of sociality: Investigating patterns of social resource distribution among theiScience · 2025Article
- Bonobos respond aversively to unequal reward distributions.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Bonobos and chimpanzees overlap in sexual behaviour patterns during social tension.Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- Behavioural heterogeneity across killer whale social units in their response to feeding opportunities from fisheries.Ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- Article
- Group-level signatures in bonobo sociality.Evolutionary human sciences · 2024Article
- Does tolerance allow bonobos to outperform chimpanzees on a cooperative task? A conceptual replication of HareRoyal Society open science · 2023Article
- Blowing the lid off! Bottle-directed, extractive foraging strategies in synurbic bonnet macaquesFrontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Automated audiovisual behavior recognition in wild primates.Science advances · 2021Article
- Chimpanzees' behavioral flexibility, social tolerance, and use of tool-composites in a progressively challenging foraging problem.iScience · 2021Article
- Chimpanzees behave prosocially in a group-specific manner.Science advances · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intergroup variation (IGV) refers to variation between different groups of the same species. While its existence in the behavioural realm has been expected and evidenced, the potential effects of IGV are rarely considered in studies that aim to shed light on the evolutionary origins of human socio-cognition, especially in our closest living relatives-the great apes. Here, by taking chimpanzees as a point of reference, we argue that (i) IGV could plausibly explain inconsistent research findings across numerous topics of inquiry (experimental/behavioural studies on chimpanzees), (ii) understanding the evolutionary origins of behaviour requires an accurate assessment of species' modes of behaving across different socio-ecological contexts, which necessitates a reliable estimation of variation across intraspecific groups, and (iii) IGV in the behavioural realm is increasingly likely to be expected owing to the progressive identification of non-human animal cultures. With these points, and by extrapolating from chimpanzees to generic guidelines, we aim to encourage researchers to explicitly consider IGV as an explanatory variable in future studies attempting to understand the socio-cognitive and evolutionary determinants of behaviour in group-living animals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.