Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31718035›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2019

Wetlands for Wellbeing: Piloting a Nature-Based Health Intervention for the Management of Anxiety and Depression.

Phoebe R Maund, Katherine N Irvine, Jonathan Reeves, Emily Strong, Ruth Cromie, Martin Dallimer, Zoe G Davies

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
5.0field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Trial
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Who Benefits from Barefooting? The Key Role of Baseline Wellbeing in Psychophysical Restoration.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Space Prescription: Initiative to Improve Health and Well-being in Tokyo.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2025
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Phoebe R MaundThe Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge, GL2 7BT Gloucester, UK.
Katherine N IrvineSocial, Economic and Geographic Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, AB15 8QH Aberdeen, UK.
Jonathan ReevesThe Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge, GL2 7BT Gloucester, UK.
Emily StrongThe Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge, GL2 7BT Gloucester, UK.
Ruth CromieThe Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge, GL2 7BT Gloucester, UK.
Martin DallimerSustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, LS9 2JT Leeds, UK.
Zoe G DaviesDurrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, CT2 8NR Canterbury, UK.
Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust · GBUniversity of Kent · GBJames Hutton Institute · GBUniversity of Leeds · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nature-based health interventions (NBIs) for the treatment of poor mental health are becoming increasingly common, yet evidence to support their effectiveness is lacking. We conduct a pilot study of a six-week intervention, aiming to engage individuals with wetland nature for the treatment of anxiety and/or depression. We employed a mixed methods design, using questionnaires, focus groups and semi-structured interviews to evaluate the intervention from the perspective of participants (n = 16) and healthcare professionals (n = 2). Results demonstrate significant improvements in mental health across a range of indicators, including mental wellbeing (Warwick and Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale), anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7), stress (Perceived Stress Scale) and emotional wellbeing (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule). Participants and healthcare professionals cited additional outcomes including improved physical health and reduced social isolation. The wetland site provided a sense of escape from participants' everyday environments, facilitating relaxation and reductions in stress. Wetland staff knowledge of the natural world, transportation and group organisation also played a considerable role in the intervention's success. These aspects should be considered in future and existing NBIs to maximise benefits to participants. We propose NBIs based in wetlands are an effective therapy option for individuals diagnosed with anxiety and/or depression.

Indexed as

WetlandsAdultAnxietyDepressionFemaleFocus GroupsHumansMaleMiddle AgedPilot ProjectsSurveys and Questionnairesattention restoration theorybiodiversityblue spaceecosystem servicesgreen spacemental healthmixed methodsnature-based therapysocial prescribingstress

Identifiers

PMID31718035
PMCPMC6887757
OpenAlexW2988166686

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.