ArticleToxins2019
The Effect of Botulinum Toxin Injections on Gross Motor Function for Lower Limb Spasticity in Children with Cerebral Palsy.
Article in Toxins, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- IncobotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of lower-limb spasticity in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: A phase 3 study.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineTrial
- Botulinum Neurotoxin A-Induced Muscle Morphology Changes in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A One-Year Follow-Up Study.Toxins · 2025Article
- Beyond pediatrics: noninvasive spinal neuromodulation improves motor function in an adult with cerebral palsy.Bioelectronic medicine · 2024Article
- The state of the art in therapeutic administration of botulinum toxin in children with cerebral palsy: an integrative review.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2024Review
- Enhancing Post-Operative Recovery in Spastic Diplegia through Physical Therapy Rehabilitation following Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy: A Case Report and Thorough Literature Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Combining spinal neuromodulation and activity based neurorehabilitation therapy improves sensorimotor function in cerebral palsy.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2023Article
- Reliability of the Modified Ashworth and Modified Tardieu Scales with Standardized Movement Speeds in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- European expert consensus on improving patient selection for the management of disabling spasticity with intrathecal baclofen and/or botulinum toxin type A.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2022Article
- Nutritional status and function after high-calorie formula vs. Chinese food intervention in undernourished children with cerebral palsy.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Causal factors affecting gross motor function in children diagnosed with cerebral palsy.PloS one · 2022Article
- Recurrence of knee flexion contracture after surgical correction in children with cerebral palsy.International orthopaedics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the use of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections and their efficacy on gross motor function for lower limb spasticity in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). This retrospective study included 919 injection occasions from 591 children with CP who received a lower limb BoNT-A injection between 2006 and 2016. The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88), the Modified Ashworth Scale, and the Modified Tardieu Scale were administered before and after injections. Injections were predominantly administered to children under the age of 6 years. The most common muscle injection site was the calf muscle for dynamic foot deformity. The second most commonly injected muscle was the hip adductor among 2-3 year olds and the hamstring muscle among 4-6 year olds. Distal injections were predominantly administered to high-functioning children, whereas proximal injections were typically administered to low-functioning children. Multilevel injections were mostly administered to midfunctioning children. GMFM-88 scores significantly increased post-injection for both high- and low-functioning groups. Younger age at injection and distal injection type were associated with larger improvements on the GMFM-88 at both short- and midterm follow-up. The target muscles for injection varied depending on gross motor functioning and age. Younger age at injection and distal injection type were significantly related with greater gain in gross motor function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.