ReviewNutrients2019
Leptin, Obesity, and Leptin Resistance: Where Are We 25 Years Later?
Review in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 249 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
249 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Inflammatory Markers in Adults: A Systematic Review and Pairwise and Network Meta-Analyses.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of ketogenic diet on adipokines levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.Acta diabetologica · 2024Pooled it
- The relationship between adipose tissue RAAS activity and the risk factors of prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Adipocyte · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of Essential Oils and Fragrant Compounds on Appetite: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review and Meta-analysis of acupuncture and acupoint catgut embedding for the treatment of abdominal obesity.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2022Pooled it
- BMI is positively associated with accelerated epigenetic aging in twin pairs discordant for body mass index.Journal of internal medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Late-life body mass index and amyloid interaction on cognitive decline in unimpaired older adults.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Trial
- Effect of interdisciplinary obesity care on metabolic markers and body weight in people with type 2 diabetes in a rural setting: A randomised controlled trial.Clinical obesity · 2025Trial
- A crossover randomized controlled trial examining the effects of black seed (Nigella sativa) supplementation on IL-1β, IL-6 and leptin, and insulin parameters in overweight and obese women.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Trial
- Gynostemma Pentaphyllum Increases Exercise Performance and Alters Mitochondrial Respiration and AMPK in Healthy Males.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum LMT1-48 on Body Fat in Overweight Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2023Trial
- Cardiac rehabilitation may influence leptin and VEGF A crosstalk in patients after acute coronary syndrome.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Effectiveness of a polyphenolic extract (Lippia citriodora and Hibiscus sabdariffa) on appetite regulation in overweight and obese grade I population: an 8-week randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- The histone deacetylase family in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Review
- Modulation of Leptin and Serotonin by Honey and Its Glycoproteins Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic and Anxiety Phenotypes.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Protective effects of biogenic selenium nanoparticles synthesized by Chlorella Vulgaris against bisphenol a-induced metabolic disturbances in rats.Discover nano · 2026Article
- Prevalence of insulin dysregulation in a sport horse population as determined by traditional and stall-side testing.Equine veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Circulating levels of leptin in different phases of the menstrual cycle - A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Review
- Proteomics signature of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and risk of multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases.Communications medicine · 2026Article
189 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Leptin, a hormone that is capable of effectively reducing food intake and body weight, was initially considered for use in the treatment of obesity. However, obese subjects have since been found to have high levels of circulating leptin and to be insensitive to the exogenous administration of leptin. The inability of leptin to exert its anorexigenic effects in obese individuals, and therefore, the lack of clinical utility of leptin in obesity, is defined as leptin resistance. This phenomenon has not yet been adequately characterized. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying leptin resistance is of vital importance for the application of leptin as an effective treatment for obesity. Leptin must cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the hypothalamus and exert its anorexigenic functions. The mechanisms involved in leptin transportation across the blood-brain barrier continue to be unclear, thereby preventing the clinical application of leptin in the treatment of obesity. In recent years, new strategies have been developed to recover the response to leptin in obesity. We have summarized these strategies in this review.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.